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Learning-based heuristics for solving combinatorial optimization problems has recently attracted much academic attention. While most of the existing works only consider the single objective problem with simple constraints, many real-world…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-07-19 Yongxin Zhang , Jiahai Wang , Zizhen Zhang , Yalan Zhou

Recently, machine learning of the branch and bound algorithm has shown promise in approximating competent solutions to NP-hard problems. In this paper, we utilize and comprehensively compare the outcomes of three neural networks--graph…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Andrew Naguib , Waleed A. Yousef , Issa Traoré , Mohammad Mamun

Neural Combinatorial Optimization aims to learn to solve a class of combinatorial problems through data-driven methods and notably through employing neural networks by learning the underlying distribution of problem instances. While, so far…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Daniela Thyssens , Tim Dernedde , Wilson Sentanoe , Lars Schmidt-Thieme

The vehicle routing problem (VRP) is a fundamental NP-hard task in intelligent transportation systems with broad applications in logistics and distribution. Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) with Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) has shown…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Le Tung Giang , Vu Hoang Viet , Nguyen Xuan Tung , Trinh Van Chien , Won-Joo Hwang

In this work, we consider learning-based applications in routing to solve a Vehicle Routing variant characterized by stochasticity and multiple objectives. Such problems are representative of practical settings where decision-makers have to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Abdo Abouelrous , Laurens Bliek , Yaoxin Wu , Yingqian Zhang

This paper introduces a new approach to improve the performance of the Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows (CVRPTW) solvers for a high number of nodes. It proposes to cluster nodes together using Recursive-DBSCAN - an…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-03-26 Kamil Bujel , Feiko Lai , Michal Szczecinski , Winnie So , Miguel Fernandez

The Capacitated Location Routing Problem is an important planning and routing problem in logistics, which generalizes the capacitated vehicle routing problem and the uncapacitated facility location problem. In this problem, we are given a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Jingyang Zhao , Mingyu Xiao , Shunwang Wang

Recently, a deep reinforcement learning method is proposed to solve multiobjective optimization problem. In this method, the multiobjective optimization problem is decomposed to a number of single-objective optimization subproblems and all…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-02-14 Hong Wu , Jiahai Wang , Zizhen Zhang

Autoregressive construction approaches generate solutions to vehicle routing problems in a step-by-step fashion, leading to high-quality solutions that are nearing the performance achieved by handcrafted operations research techniques. In…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-07 André Hottung , Paula Wong-Chung , Kevin Tierney

Job shop scheduling problems represent a significant and complex facet of combinatorial optimization problems, which have traditionally been addressed through either exact or approximate solution methodologies. However, the practical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Jaejin Lee , Seho Kee , Mani Janakiram , George Runger

Efficiently solving a vehicle routing problem (VRP) in a practical runtime is a critical challenge for delivery management companies. This paper explores both a theoretical and experimental connection between the Capacitated Vehicle Routing…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-03-22 Abdelhakim Abdellaoui , Loubna Benabbou , Issmail El Hallaoui

For NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems, it is usually difficult to find high-quality solutions in polynomial time. The design of either an exact algorithm or an approximate algorithm for these problems often requires significantly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-07 Kun Lei , Peng Guo , Yi Wang , Xiao Wu , Wenchao Zhao

In this paper, we study the vehicle routing problem with a finite time horizon. In this routing problem, the objective is to maximize the number of customer requests served within a finite time horizon. We present a novel routing network…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Ayan Maity , Sudeshna Sarkar

The vehicle routing problem has great importance and application in transportation and supply chain management. In this case, there are several supply requests in a transportation network. The main goal is to allocate customers to available…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-10-10 H. Bigdeli , S. M. S. Mirdamadi , A. Deaconu , J. Tayyebi

The Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) is an example of a combinatorial optimization problem that has attracted academic attention due to its potential use in various contexts. VRP aims to arrange vehicle deliveries to several sites in the most…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-08 Nishikanta Mohanty , Bikash K. Behera , Christopher Ferrie

Recently, neural heuristics based on deep reinforcement learning have exhibited promise in solving multi-objective combinatorial optimization problems (MOCOPs). However, they are still struggling to achieve high learning efficiency and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Jinbiao Chen , Jiahai Wang , Zizhen Zhang , Zhiguang Cao , Te Ye , Siyuan Chen

The Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP), a fundamental combinatorial optimization challenge, focuses on optimizing fleet operations under vehicle capacity constraints. While extensively studied in operational research, the NP-hard…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Zhuoliang Xie , Fei Liu , Zhenkun Wang , Qingfu Zhang

Interaction-aware planning for autonomous driving requires an exploration of a combinatorial solution space when using conventional search- or optimization-based motion planners. With Deep Reinforcement Learning, optimal driving strategies…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-02-08 Julian Bernhard , Robert Gieselmann , Klemens Esterle , Alois Knoll

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has been used to learn effective heuristics for solving complex combinatorial optimisation problem via policy networks and have demonstrated promising performance. Existing works have focused on solving…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-25 Nasrin Sultana , Jeffrey Chan , A. K. Qin , Tabinda Sarwar

The Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows (CVRPTW) is a fundamental NP-hard optimization problem in logistics. Solving large-scale instances remains computationally challenging for exact solvers. This paper introduces a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Mustafa Mert Özyılmaz