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Multimodal physiological data powers clinical AI systems from intensive care units to wearable devices, but sensors routinely fail in practice. Two failure modes are common: modality missing, where an entire channel is absent, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Wugeng Zheng , Ziwen Kan , Tianlong Chen , Chen Chen , Song Wang

A common assumption in multimodal learning is the completeness of training data, i.e., full modalities are available in all training examples. Although there exists research endeavor in developing novel methods to tackle the incompleteness…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-11 Mengmeng Ma , Jian Ren , Long Zhao , Sergey Tulyakov , Cathy Wu , Xi Peng

Multimodal foundation models have achieved impressive progress across a wide range of vision-language tasks. However, existing approaches often adopt fixed or task-specific fusion strategies, neglecting the intrinsic variability of modality…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Liam Bennett , Mason Clark , Lucas Anderson , Hana Satou , Olivia Martinez

Multi-modal learning has made significant advances across diverse pattern recognition applications. However, handling missing modalities, especially under imbalanced missing rates, remains a major challenge. This imbalance triggers a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Binyu Zhao , Wei Zhang , Zhaonian Zou

Automatic audio-visual expression recognition can play an important role in communication services such as tele-health, VOIP calls and human-machine interaction. Accuracy of audio-visual expression recognition could benefit from the…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-12-02 Srinivas Parthasarathy , Shiva Sundaram

Robust multimodal systems must remain effective when some modalities are noisy, degraded, or unreliable. Existing multimodal fusion methods often learn modality selection jointly with representation learning, making it difficult to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Roland Bertin-Johannet , Lara Scipio , Leopold Maytié , Rufin VanRullen

Multimodal sentiment analysis is a core research area that studies speaker sentiment expressed from the language, visual, and acoustic modalities. The central challenge in multimodal learning involves inferring joint representations that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-02 Hai Pham , Paul Pu Liang , Thomas Manzini , Louis-Philippe Morency , Barnabas Poczos

An active challenge in developing multimodal machine learning (ML) models for healthcare is handling missing modalities during training and deployment. As clinical datasets are inherently temporal and sparse in terms of modality presence,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Andrew Wang , Ellie Pavlick , Ritambhara Singh

Multi-modal models have shown a promising capability to effectively integrate information from various sources, yet meanwhile, they are found vulnerable to pervasive perturbations, such as uni-modal attacks and missing conditions. To…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-19 Zequn Yang , Yake Wei , Ce Liang , Di Hu

Multimodal machine learning with missing modalities is an increasingly relevant challenge arising in various applications such as healthcare. This paper extends the current research into missing modalities to the low-data regime, i.e., a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Zhuo Zhi , Ziquan Liu , Moe Elbadawi , Adam Daneshmend , Mine Orlu , Abdul Basit , Andreas Demosthenous , Miguel Rodrigues

Missing modalities present a fundamental challenge in multimodal models, often causing catastrophic performance degradation. Our observations suggest that this fragility stems from an imbalanced learning process, where the model develops an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Siqi Lu , Wanying Xu , Yongbin Zheng , Wenting Luan , Peng Sun , Jianhang Yao

Multimodal learning has shown significant superiority on various tasks by integrating multiple modalities. However, the interdependencies among modalities increase the susceptibility of multimodal models to adversarial attacks. Existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Junrui Zhang , Xinyu Zhao , Jie Peng , Chenjie Wang , Jianmin Ji , Tianlong Chen

Training a multimodal network is challenging and it requires complex architectures to achieve reasonable performance. We show that one reason for this phenomena is the difference between the convergence rate of various modalities. We…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-11-13 Aya Abdelsalam Ismail , Mahmudul Hasan , Faisal Ishtiaq

This paper presents a novel approach that combines the advantages of both model-based and learning-based frameworks to achieve robust locomotion. The residual modules are integrated with each corresponding part of the model-based framework,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Min-Gyu Kim , Dongyun Kang , Hajun Kim , Hae-Won Park

Multimodal emotion recognition utilizes complete multimodal information and robust multimodal joint representation to gain high performance. However, the ideal condition of full modality integrity is often not applicable in reality and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Qi Fan , Hongyu Yuan , Haolin Zuo , Rui Liu , Guanglai Gao

The mechanism of connecting multimodal signals through self-attention operation is a key factor in the success of multimodal Transformer networks in remote sensing data fusion tasks. However, traditional approaches assume access to all…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-25 Yuxing Chen , Maofan Zhao , Lorenzo Bruzzone

Multimodal models trained on complete modality data often exhibit a substantial decrease in performance when faced with imperfect data containing corruptions or missing modalities. To address this robustness challenge, prior methods have…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Mengxi Chen , Jiangchao Yao , Linyu Xing , Yu Wang , Ya Zhang , Yanfeng Wang

In real world clinical environments, training and applying deep learning models on multi-modal medical imaging data often struggles with partially incomplete data. Standard approaches either discard missing samples, require imputation or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Christoph Fürböck , Paul Weiser , Branko Mitic , Philipp Seeböck , Thomas Helbich , Georg Langs

Real-time decoding of target variables from multiple simultaneously recorded neural time-series modalities, such as discrete spiking activity and continuous field potentials, is important across various neuroscience applications. However, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Eray Erturk , Maryam M. Shanechi

Multimodal learning is susceptible to modality missing, which poses a major obstacle for its practical applications and, thus, invigorates increasing research interest. In this paper, we investigate two challenging problems: 1) when…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Jun Sun , Xinxin Zhang , Shoukang Han , Yu-ping Ruan , Taihao Li