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The High Luminosity upgrade of the CERN Large Hadron Collider will be able to reach a peak instantaneous luminosity of 5E34/cm2 s. The innermost detectors of the CMS and ATLAS experiments will have to cope with unprecedented requirements on…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2021-06-16 Jordi Duarte-Campderros

The CLIC Tracker Detector (CLICTD) is a monolithic pixelated sensor chip produced in a $180$ nm imaging CMOS process built on a high-resistivity epitaxial layer. The chip, designed in the context of the CLIC tracking detector study,…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2020-04-07 I. Kremastiotis , R. Ballabriga , K. Dort , N. Egidos , M. Munker

The development of large-area homogeneous photo-detectors with sub-millimeter path lengths for direct Cherenkov light and for secondary-electrons opens the possibility of large time-of-flight systems for relativistic particles with…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2009-08-05 Jean-Francois Genat , Gary Varner , Fukun Tang , Henry Frisch

The radiation hardness of passive CMOS pixel sensors fabricated in 150 nm LFoundry technology is investigated. CMOS process lines are especially of interest for large-scale silicon detectors as they offer high production throughput at…

The STAR Silicon Strip Detector (SSD) completes the three layers of the Silicon Vertex Tracker (SVT) to make an inner tracking system located inside the Time Projection Chamber (TPC). This additional fourth layer provides two dimensional…

DEPFET pixel detectors are unique devices in terms of energy and spatial resolution because very low noise (ENC = 2.2e at room temperature) operation can be obtained by implementing the amplifying transistor in the pixel cell itself. Full…

Low Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGADs) are silicon semiconductor sensors with an implanted thin p-doped multiplication layer that is designed to provide low gain. Most importantly, LGADs are specifically engineered to provide excellent…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2023-10-11 R. Moriya , R. Bates , M. Bullough , N. Cooke , A. Docheva , L. Lombigit , D. Maneuski , R. McFeely , N. Moffat

With the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) the number of collisions per bunch crossing increases. To cope with these high rates in the pixel trackers, per-pixel time measurements are required, which implies the need for fast…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-11-18 Daan Oppenhuis

We propose a joint TDC and multi-time-gated imaging single-photon avalanche diode LiDAR sensor featuring a maximum detection range of 108m with a minimum depth resolution (least significant bit) of 2.93mm, fabricated in 110nm CMOS…

Optics · Physics 2026-03-23 Chang Liu , Edoardo Charbon

Production of the High Granularity Timing Detector for the ATLAS experiment at High Luminosity LHC requires over 21000 silicon sensors based on Low Gain Avalanche Diode (LGAD) technology. Their radiation hardness is monitored as a part of…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-11-10 Iskra Velkovska , Bojan Hiti

CMOS Pixel Sensors tend to become relevant for a growing spectrum of charged particle detection instruments. This comes mainly from their high granularity and low material budget. However, several potential applications require a higher…

Using the simulation framework of the SiD detector to study the Higgs -> mumu decay channel showed a considerable gain in signal significance could be achieved through an increase in charged particle momentum resolution. However more…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2011-04-26 T. G. White

This paper presents results that take a critical step toward proving 10 ps timing resolution's feasibility for particle identification in the TOPSiDE detector concept for the Electron-Ion Collider. Measurements of LGADs with a thickness of…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2021-07-07 M. Jadhav , W. Armstrong , I. Cloet , S. Joosten , S. M. Mazza , J. Metcalfe , Z. -E. Meziani , H. F. -W. Sadrozinski , B. Schumm , A. Seiden

The high-luminosity upgrade of the CERN LHC requires the replacement of the CMS tracking detector to cope with the increased radiation fluence while maintaining its excellent performance. An extensive R\&D program, aiming at using 3D pixel…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-10-16 The Tracker Group of the CMS Collaboration

Low-Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGADs) are characterized by a fast rise time (500 ps) and extremely good time resolution (down to 17 ps). The intrinsic low granularity of LGADs and the large power consumption of readout chips for precise…

The response of Low Gain Avalanche Diodes (LGADs), a type of thin silicon detector with internal gain, to X-rays of energies between 6-16~keV was characterized at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL). The utilized beamline…

Silicon sensors with high time resolution can help particle identification in the International Linear Collider (ILC). We are studying Low Gain Avalanche Diodes (LGADs) as a high timing resolution sensor. As a step to develop LGADs, we are…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2020-06-17 Y. Deguchi , K. Kawagoe , E. Mestre , R. Mori , T. Suehara , T. Yoshioka

The Low Gain Avalanche Diodes (LGADs) are promising particle detectors for timing resolution better than $50$ ps under a high radiation environment. This study investigates n-in-p LGAD architecture, focusing on ultra-thin sensors of…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2026-01-26 Jaideep Kalani , Saptarshi Datta , Ganesh J Tambve , Prabhakar Palni

Large Area Picosecond PhotoDetectors (LAPPDs) are photosensors based on microchannel plate technology with about 400 cm$^2$ sensitive area. The external readout plane of a capacitively coupled LAPPD can be segmented into pads providing a…

A 100um thick silicon detector with 1mm2 pad readout optimized for sub-nanosecond time resolution has been developed and tested. Coupled to a purposely developed amplifier based on SiGe HBT technology, this detector was characterized at the…