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Chatbots via large language models (LLMs) generate fluent responses but often struggle with when to speak, especially for brief, timely listener reactions during ongoing dialogue. We present a multimodal strategy for LLMs, which leverages…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Zikai Liao , Yi Ouyang , Yi-Lun Lee , Chen-Ping Yu , Yi-Hsuan Tsai , Zhaozheng Yin

Human communication involves a complex interplay of verbal and nonverbal signals, essential for conveying meaning and achieving interpersonal goals. To develop socially intelligent AI technologies, it is crucial to develop models that can…

To enable more natural face-to-face interactions, conversational agents need to adapt their behavior to their interlocutors. One key aspect of this is generation of appropriate non-verbal behavior for the agent, for example facial gestures,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-26 Patrik Jonell , Taras Kucherenko , Gustav Eje Henter , Jonas Beskow

How human-like do conversational robots need to look to enable long-term human-robot conversation? One essential aspect of long-term interaction is a human's ability to adapt to the varying degrees of a conversational partner's engagement…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-01-25 Maria Tsfasman , Avinash Saravanan , Dekel Viner , Daan Goslinga , Sarah de Wolf , Chirag Raman , Catholijn M. Jonker , Catharine Oertel

Faces and humans are crucial elements in social interaction and are widely included in everyday photos and videos. Therefore, a deep understanding of faces and humans will enable multi-modal assistants to achieve improved response quality…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Lixiong Qin , Shilong Ou , Miaoxuan Zhang , Jiangning Wei , Yuhang Zhang , Xiaoshuai Song , Yuchen Liu , Mei Wang , Weiran Xu

In recent decades, the field of affective computing has made substantial progress in advancing the ability of AI systems to recognize and express affective phenomena, such as affect and emotions, during human-human and human-machine…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-05-19 Leena Mathur , Maja J Matarić , Louis-Philippe Morency

Modeling the reactive tempo of human conversation remains difficult because most audio-visual datasets portray isolated speakers delivering short monologues. We introduce \textbf{Face-to-Face with Jimmy Fallon (F2F-JF)}, a 70-hour, 14k-clip…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Ernie Chu , Vishal M. Patel

Interactive virtual humanoid agent is a crucial interface with the physical world. A relatively complete humanoid agent first needs to have face and body, then possess both verbal and non-verbal (such as eye contact, facial expression, lip…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Tenglong Ao

Videoconferencing is now a frequent mode of communication in both professional and informal settings, yet it often lacks the fluidity and enjoyment of in-person conversation. This study leverages multimodal machine learning to predict…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Andrew Chang , Viswadruth Akkaraju , Ray McFadden Cogliano , David Poeppel , Dustin Freeman

The rapid progress of Large Language Models (LLMs) has empowered omni models to act as voice assistants capable of understanding spoken dialogues. These models can process multimodal inputs beyond text, such as speech and visual data,…

Social interactions dominate our perceptions of the world and shape our daily behavior by attaching social meaning to acts as simple and spontaneous as gestures, facial expressions, voice, and speech. People mimic and otherwise respond to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Xiang Zhang , Xiaotian Li , Taoyue Wang , Nan Bi , Xin Zhou , Cody Zhou , Zoie Wang , Andrew Yang , Yuming Su , Jeff Cohn , Qiang Ji , Lijun Yin

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI), digital humans have attracted more and more attention and are expected to achieve a wide range of applications in several industries. Then, most of the existing digital humans…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Yingjie Zhou , Yaodong Chen , Kaiyue Bi , Lian Xiong , Hui Liu

Interactional synchrony refers to how the speech or behavior of two or more people involved in a conversation become more finely synchronized with each other, and they can appear to behave almost in direct response to one another. Studies…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2018-07-18 Nicholas Watkins , Ifeoma Nwogu

Advances in machine intelligence have enabled conversational interfaces that have the potential to radically change the way humans interact with machines. However, even with the progress in the abilities of these agents, there remain…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-10-17 Deepali Aneja , Rens Hoegen , Daniel McDuff , Mary Czerwinski

In face-to-face conversations, individuals need to switch between speaking and listening roles seamlessly. Existing 3D talking head generation models focus solely on speaking or listening, neglecting the natural dynamics of interactive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Ziqiao Peng , Yanbo Fan , Haoyu Wu , Xuan Wang , Hongyan Liu , Jun He , Zhaoxin Fan

Natural human interactions for Mixed Reality Applications are overwhelmingly multimodal: humans communicate intent and instructions via a combination of visual, aural and gestural cues. However, supporting low-latency and accurate…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-12-21 Darshana Rathnayake , Ashen de Silva , Dasun Puwakdandawa , Lakmal Meegahapola , Archan Misra , Indika Perera

Analyzing individual emotions during group conversation is crucial in developing intelligent agents capable of natural human-machine interaction. While reliable emotion recognition techniques depend on different modalities (text, audio,…

The recent surge in artificial intelligence, particularly in multimodal processing technology, has advanced human-computer interaction, by altering how intelligent systems perceive, understand, and respond to contextual information (i.e.,…

How much can we infer about an emotional voice solely from an expressive face? This intriguing question holds great potential for applications such as virtual character dubbing and aiding individuals with expressive language disorders.…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Jiaxin Ye , Boyuan Cao , Hongming Shan

We tackle the challenging task of generating complete 3D facial animations for two interacting, co-located participants from a mixed audio stream. While existing methods often produce disembodied "talking heads" akin to a video conference…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Mengyi Shan , Shouchieh Chang , Ziqian Bai , Shichen Liu , Yinda Zhang , Luchuan Song , Rohit Pandey , Sean Fanello , Zeng Huang