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RLWE-based Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) schemes add some small \emph{noise} to the message during encryption. The noise accumulates with each homomorphic operation. When the noise exceeds a critical value, the FHE circuit produces an…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Tarakaram Gollamudi , Anitha Gollamudi , Joshua Gancher

We present Argos, a simple approach for adding verifiability to fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) schemes using trusted hardware. Traditional approaches to verifiable FHE require expensive cryptographic proofs, which incur an overhead of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Jules Drean , Fisher Jepsen , Edward Suh , Srini Devadas , Aamer Jaleel , Gururaj Saileshwar

Data privacy is a significant concern when using numerical simulations for sensitive information such as medical, financial, or engineering data -- especially in untrusted environments like public cloud infrastructures. Fully homomorphic…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-09-25 Arseniy Kholod , Yuriy Polyakov , Michael Schlottke-Lakemper

We present automatically parameterised Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) for encrypted neural network inference and exemplify our inference over FHE compatible neural networks with our own open-source framework and reproducible examples.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-19 George Onoufriou , Marc Hanheide , Georgios Leontidis

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) is a relatively recent advancement in the field of privacy-preserving technologies. FHE allows for the arbitrary depth computation of both addition and multiplication, and thus the application of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-29 George Onoufriou , Paul Mayfield , Georgios Leontidis

Homomorphic encryption (HE) enables computation on encrypted data, and hence it has a great potential in privacy-preserving outsourcing of computations to the cloud. Hardware acceleration of HE is crucial as software implementations are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-13 Ahmet Can Mert , Aikata , Sunmin Kwon , Youngsam Shin , Donghoon Yoo , Yongwoo Lee , Sujoy Sinha Roy

The widespread deployment of products powered by machine learning models is raising concerns around data privacy and information security worldwide. To address this issue, Federated Learning was first proposed as a privacy-preserving…

Fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) enables computation on encrypted data without decryption, making it central to privacy-preserving applications. However, no existing scheme efficiently supports both arithmetic and comparison operations in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Erwin Eko Wahyudi , Yan Solihin , Qian Lou

In this paper, a secure Convolutional Neural Network classifier is proposed using Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE). The secure classifier provides a user with the ability to out-source the computations to a powerful cloud server and/or…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-08-14 Thomas Shortell , Ali Shokoufandeh

Fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) is a promising cryptographic primitive for realizing private neural network inference (PI) services by allowing a client to fully offload the inference task to a cloud server while keeping the client data…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Jae Hyung Ju , Jaiyoung Park , Jongmin Kim , Minsik Kang , Donghwan Kim , Jung Hee Cheon , Jung Ho Ahn

Federated learning has become increasingly widespread due to its ability to train models collaboratively without centralizing sensitive data. While most research on FL emphasizes privacy-preserving techniques during training, the evaluation…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Cem Ata Baykara , Ali Burak Ünal , Mete Akgün

Federated Learning (FL) is a distributed machine learning approach that promises privacy by keeping the data on the device. However, gradient reconstruction and membership-inference attacks show that model updates still leak information.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Pedro Correia , Ivan Silva , Ivone Amorim , Eva Maia , Isabel Praça

Accelerating the neural network inference by FPGA has emerged as a popular option, since the reconfigurability and high performance computing capability of FPGA intrinsically satisfies the computation demand of the fast-evolving neural…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-12-16 Yu Gong , Zhihan Xu , Zhezhi He , Weifeng Zhang , Xiaobing Tu , Xiaoyao Liang , Li Jiang

This paper proposes a fully homomorphic encryption encapsulated difference expansion (FHEE-DE) scheme for reversible data hiding in encrypted domain (RDH-ED). In the proposed scheme, we use key-switching and bootstrapping techniques to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-04-30 Yan Ke , Min-qing Zhang , Jia Liu , Ting-ting Su , Xiao-yuan Yang

In the era of generative AI, ensuring the privacy of music data presents unique challenges: unlike static artworks such as images, music data is inherently temporal and multimodal, and it is sampled, transformed, and remixed at an…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-08-12 William Zerong Wang , Dongfang Zhao

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) is a promising privacy-preserving technology enabling secure computation over encrypted data. A major limitation of current FHE schemes is their high runtime overhead. As a result, automatic optimization…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Julien de Castelnau , Mingfei Yu , Giovanni De Micheli

Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is an essential tool in scientific and engineering computation. The increasing demand for mixed-precision FFT has made it possible to utilize half-precision floating-point (FP16) arithmetic for faster speed and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-04-26 Binrui Li , Shenggan Cheng , James Lin

In recent years, Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) has undergone several breakthroughs and advancements, leading to a leap in performance. Today, performance is no longer a major barrier to adoption. Instead, it is the complexity of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Alexander Viand , Patrick Jattke , Miro Haller , Anwar Hithnawi

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) has the potential to substantially improve privacy and security by enabling computation directly on encrypted data. This is especially true with deep learning, as today, many popular user services are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Austin Ebel , Karthik Garimella , Brandon Reagen

Deploying large language models (LLMs) as cloud services raises privacy concerns as inference may leak sensitive data. Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) allows computation on encrypted data, but current FHE methods struggle with efficient…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Guoci Chen , Xiurui Pan , Qiao Li , Bo Mao , Congming Gao , Chengying Huan , Mingzhe Zhang , Jie Zhang