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It has been shown that the majority of existing adversarial defense methods achieve robustness at the cost of sacrificing prediction accuracy. The undesirable severe drop in accuracy adversely affects the reliability of machine learning…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-11-05 Jiawei Du , Hanshu Yan , Vincent Y. F. Tan , Joey Tianyi Zhou , Rick Siow Mong Goh , Jiashi Feng

Multi-bit watermarking (MW) has been designed to enhance resistance against watermarking attacks, such as signal processing operations and geometric distortions. Various benchmark tools exist to assess this robustness through simulated…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Seung-Hun Nam , Jihyeon Kang , Daesik Kim , Namhyuk Ahn , Wonhyuk Ahn

To ensure the responsible distribution and use of open-source deep neural networks (DNNs), DNN watermarking has become a crucial technique to trace and verify unauthorized model replication or misuse. In practice, black-box watermarks…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Huming Qiu , Mi Zhang , Junjie Sun , Peiyi Chen , Xiaohan Zhang , Min Yang

Current image watermarking methods are vulnerable to advanced image editing techniques enabled by large-scale text-to-image models. These models can distort embedded watermarks during editing, posing significant challenges to copyright…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Shilin Lu , Zihan Zhou , Jiayou Lu , Yuanzhi Zhu , Adams Wai-Kin Kong

Protein structure is key to understanding protein function and is essential for progress in bioengineering, drug discovery, and molecular biology. Recently, with the incorporation of generative AI, the power and accuracy of computational…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-13 Zaixi Zhang , Ruofan Jin , Kaidi Fu , Le Cong , Marinka Zitnik , Mengdi Wang

Generative models that can produce realistic images have improved significantly in recent years. The quality of the generated content has increased drastically, so sometimes it is very difficult to distinguish between the real images and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Mikhail Pautov , Danil Ivanov , Andrey V. Galichin , Oleg Rogov , Ivan Oseledets

We present the first undetectable watermarking scheme for generative image models. Undetectability ensures that no efficient adversary can distinguish between watermarked and un-watermarked images, even after making many adaptive queries.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Sam Gunn , Xuandong Zhao , Dawn Song

Machine learning models constitute valuable intellectual property, yet remain vulnerable to model extraction attacks (MEA), where adversaries replicate their functionality through black-box queries. Model watermarking counters MEAs by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Yaxin Xiao , Qingqing Ye , Zi Liang , Haoyang Li , RongHua Li , Huadi Zheng , Haibo Hu

Quantum neural networks (QNNs) leverage quantum computing to create powerful and efficient artificial intelligence models capable of solving complex problems significantly faster than traditional computers. With the fast development of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Limengnan Zhou , Hanzhou Wu

Gradient Boosting Decision Trees (GBDTs) are widely used in industry and academia for their high accuracy and efficiency, particularly on structured data. However, watermarking GBDT models remains underexplored compared to neural networks.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Jun Woo Chung , Yingjie Lao , Weijie Zhao

The advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has led to increasing concerns about the misuse of AI-generated text, and watermarking for LLM-generated text has emerged as a potential solution. However, it is challenging to generate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Yepeng Liu , Yuheng Bu

Text-to-image diffusion models, such as Stable Diffusion, have shown exceptional potential in generating high-quality images. However, recent studies highlight concerns over the use of unauthorized data in training these models, which may…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-28 Soumil Datta , Shih-Chieh Dai , Leo Yu , Guanhong Tao

Triggerable watermarking enables model owners to assert ownership against model extraction attacks. However, most existing approaches require additional training, which limits post-deployment flexibility, and the lack of clear theoretical…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Yixiao Xu , Binxing Fang , Rui Wang , Yinghai Zhou , Yuan Liu , Mohan Li , Zhihong Tian

Machine Learning is becoming a pivotal aspect of many systems today, offering newfound performance on classification and prediction tasks, but this rapid integration also comes with new unforeseen vulnerabilities. To harden these systems…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-02-22 Ahmed Abdou , Ryan Sheatsley , Yohan Beugin , Tyler Shipp , Patrick McDaniel

Notwithstanding offering convenience and entertainment to society, Deepfake face swapping has caused critical privacy issues with the rapid development of deep generative models. Due to imperceptible artifacts in high-quality synthetic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Tianyi Wang , Mengxiao Huang , Harry Cheng , Bin Ma , Yinglong Wang

Counterfactual (CF) explanations for ML model predictions provide actionable recourse recommendations to individuals adversely impacted by predicted outcomes. However, despite being preferred by end-users, CF explanations have been shown to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Hangzhi Guo , Firdaus Ahmed Choudhury , Tinghua Chen , Amulya Yadav

Watermarking is an effective way to trace model-generated content. Current watermark methods cannot resist forgery attacks, such as a deceptive claim that the model-generated content is a response to a fabricated prompt. None of them can be…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Minhao Bai

In the era of large foundation models, data has become a crucial component in building high-performance AI systems. As the demand for high-quality and large-scale data continues to rise, data copyright protection is attracting increasing…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Sixiao Zhang , Cheng Long , Wei Yuan , Hongxu Chen , Hongzhi Yin

State-of-the-art text-to-image models generate photorealistic images at an unprecedented speed. This work focuses on models that operate in a bitwise autoregressive manner over a discrete set of tokens that is practically infinite in size.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Louis Kerner , Michel Meintz , Bihe Zhao , Franziska Boenisch , Adam Dziedzic

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have achieved promising performance in various real-world applications. Building a powerful GNN model is not a trivial task, as it requires a large amount of training data, powerful computing resources, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Jing Xu , Stefanos Koffas , Oguzhan Ersoy , Stjepan Picek