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We investigate the kinetics and the free energy landscape of the crystallization of hard spheres from a supersaturated metastable liquid though direct simulations and forward flux sampling. In this first paper, we describe and test two…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2018-08-17 David Richard , Thomas Speck

Many biological processes involve numerous coupled degrees of freedom, yet free-energy estimation is often restricted to one-dimensional profiles to mitigate the high computational cost of multidimensional sampling. In this work, we extend…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-02-12 Daniel Nagel , Tristan Bereau

The calculation of the interfacial free energy between two thermodynamic phases is crucial across various fields, including materials science, chemistry, and condensed matter physics. In this study, we apply an existing thermodynamic…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2024-11-26 Ignacio Sanchez-Burgos , Pablo Montero de Hijes , Eduardo Sanz , Carlos Vega , Jorge R. Espinosa

Free energy landscapes provide insights into conformational ensembles of biomolecules. In order to analyze these landscapes and elucidate mechanisms underlying conformational changes, there is a need to extract metastable states with…

Biological Physics · Physics 2019-10-31 Annie M. Westerlund , Lucie Delemotte

The knowledge of the Free Energy Landscape topology is the essential key to understand many biochemical processes. The determination of the conformers of a protein and their basins of attraction takes a central role for studying molecular…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2009-06-26 Diego Prada-Gracia , Jesus Gomez-Gardenes , Pablo Echenique , Fernando Falo

Energy landscapes play a crucial role in shaping dynamics of many real-world complex systems. System evolution is often modeled as particles moving on a landscape under the combined effect of energy-driven drift and noise-induced diffusion,…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Ruikun Li , Huandong Wang , Qingmin Liao , Yong Li

Understanding ion adsorption at electrified metal-electrolyte interfaces is essential for accurate modeling of electrochemical systems. Here, we systematically investigate the free energy profiles of Na$^+$, Cl$^-$, and F$^-$ ions at the…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2026-02-27 Fabrice Roncoroni , Abrar Faiyad , Yichen Li , Tao Ye , Ashlie Martini , David Prendergast

We introduce multistate metadynamics for automatic exploration of conical intersection seams between adiabatic Born-Oppenheimer potential energy surfaces in molecular systems. By choosing the energy gap between the electronic states as a…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2018-05-10 Joachim O. Lindner , Merle I. S. Röhr , Roland Mitrić

Understanding the impact of extractant functionalization in solvent extraction is essential to guide the development of better separations processes. Traditionally, computational extractant design uses electronic structure calculations to…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2023-12-15 Xiaoyu Wang , Michael J. Servis

Energetic correlations due to polymeric constraints and the locality of interactions, in conjunction with the apriori specification of the existence of a particularly low energy state, provides a method of introducing the aspect of minimal…

Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-10-28 Steven S. Plotkin , Jin Wang , Peter G. Wolynes

Metadynamics is an established sampling method aimed at reconstructing the free-energy surface relative to a set of appropriately chosen collective variables. In standard metadynamics the free-energy surface is filled by the addition of…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2012-07-11 Davide Branduardi , Giovanni Bussi , Michele Parrinello

Calculating relative free energies is a topic of substantial interest and has many applications including solvation and binding free energies, which are used in computational drug discovery. However, there remain the challenges of accuracy,…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2016-09-28 Asaf Farhi , Bipin Singh

Free energy profiles serve as a fundamental bridge between microscopic atomic fluctuations and macroscopic thermodynamic observables. Estimating the free energy profile along a reaction coordinate, referred to as the potential of mean force…

Calculating free energies is an important and notoriously difficult task for molecular simulations. The rapid increase in computational power has made it possible to probe increasingly complex systems, yet extracting accurate free energies…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2014-07-29 Viveca Lindahl , Jack Lidmar , Berk Hess

The existence of a first-order phase transition between a low-density liquid (LDL) and a high-density liquid (HDL) forms of supercooled water has been a central and highly debated issue of physics and chemistry in the last three decades. We…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2021-06-16 Alexandre Jedrecy , Antonino Marco Saitta , Fabio Pietrucci

Machine learning potentials (MLPs) have become a popular tool in chemistry and materials science as they combine the accuracy of electronic structure calculations with the high computational efficiency of analytic potentials. MLPs are…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2025-05-16 Alea Miako Tokita , Timothée Devergne , A. Marco Saitta , Jörg Behler

For decades, it was unknown how electron bifurcating systems in Nature prevented energy-wasting short-circuiting reactions that have large driving forces, so synthetic electron bifurcating molecular machines could not be designed and built.…

Biological Physics · Physics 2020-09-09 Jonathon L. Yuly , Peng Zhang , Carolyn E. Lubner , John W. Peters , David N. Beratan

The solid-liquid interface free energy \gamma sl is a key parameter controlling nucleation and growth during solidification and other phenomena. There are intrinsic difficulties in obtaining accurate experimental values, and the previous…

Materials Science · Physics 2010-05-20 Stefano Angioletti-Uberti , Michele Ceriotti , Mike W. Finnis , Peter D. Lee

We present the results of DFT calculations of free energy profiles along the reaction pathways starting from 50% coverage of MoS2 M-edge and 100% coverage of S-edge by sulfur, and leading to 37% coverage, i.e. creation of anionic vacancies,…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2011-10-07 Pierre-Yves Prodhomme , Pascal Raybaud , Hervé Toulhoat

Transition path sampling (TPS) is a powerful technique for investigating rare transitions, especially when the mechanism is unknown and one does not have access to the reaction coordinate. Straightforward application of TPS does not…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2019-07-11 Z. Faidon Brotzakis , Peter G. Bolhuis