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In this work, we present a learning-based approach to chip placement, one of the most complex and time-consuming stages of the chip design process. Unlike prior methods, our approach has the ability to learn from past experience and improve…

For its advantage in GPU acceleration and less dependency on human experts, machine learning has been an emerging tool for solving the placement and routing problems, as two critical steps in modern chip design flow. Being still in its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-28 Ruoyu Cheng , Junchi Yan

Chip placement has been one of the most time consuming task in any semi conductor area, Due to this negligence, many projects are pushed and chips availability in real markets get delayed. An engineer placing macros on a chip also needs to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-20 Mrinal Mathur

Automated placement of components on printed circuit boards (PCBs) is a critical stage in placement layout design. While reinforcement learning (RL) has been successfully applied to system-on-chip IP block placement and chiplet arrangement…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Kart Leong Lim

Chip placement is a critical step in physical design. While reinforcement learning (RL)-based methods have recently emerged, their training primarily focuses on wirelength optimization, and therefore often fail to achieve expert-quality…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Ruo-Tong Chen , Ke Xue , Chengrui Gao , Yunqi Shi , Tian Xu , Peng Xie , Siyuan Xu , Mingxuan Yuan , Chao Qian , Zhi-Hua Zhou

In modern chip design, placement aims at placing millions of circuit modules, which is an essential step that significantly influences power, performance, and area (PPA) metrics. Recently, reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Ke Xue , Ruo-Tong Chen , Xi Lin , Yunqi Shi , Shixiong Kai , Siyuan Xu , Chao Qian

Macro placement is a critical phase in chip design, which becomes more intricate when involving general rectilinear macros and layout areas. Furthermore, macro placement that incorporates human-like constraints, such as design hierarchy and…

Global placement, a critical step in designing the physical layout of computer chips, is essential to optimize chip performance. Prior global placement methods optimize each circuit design individually from scratch. Their neglect of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Yunbo Hou , Haoran Ye , Shuwen Yang , Yingxue Zhang , Siyuan Xu , Guojie Song

Placement is a critical step in modern chip design, aiming to determine the positions of circuit modules on the chip canvas. Recent works have shown that reinforcement learning (RL) can improve human performance in chip placement. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-02 Yao Lai , Jinxin Liu , Zhentao Tang , Bin Wang , Jianye Hao , Ping Luo

Placement Optimization is an important problem in systems and chip design, which consists of mapping the nodes of a graph onto a limited set of resources to optimize for an objective, subject to constraints. In this paper, we start by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-03-20 Anna Goldie , Azalia Mirhoseini

Placement is a critical task with high computation complexity in VLSI physical design. Modern analytical placers formulate the placement objective as a nonlinear optimization task, which suffers a long iteration time. To accelerate and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Yiting Liu , Hai Zhou , Jia Wang , Fan Yang , Xuan Zeng , Li Shang

Due to the increasing complexity of chip design, existing placement methods still have many shortcomings in dealing with macro cells coverage and optimization efficiency. Aiming at the problems of layout overlap, inferior performance, and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Tao Yu , Peng Gao , Fei Wang , Ru-Yue Yuan

Visual place recognition algorithms trade off three key characteristics: their storage footprint, their computational requirements, and their resultant performance, often expressed in terms of recall rate. Significant prior work has…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-03-13 Sourav Garg , Michael Milford

In physical design, human designers typically place macros via trial and error, which is a Markov decision process. Reinforcement learning (RL) methods have demonstrated superhuman performance on the macro placement. In this paper, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-07 Zixuan Jiang , Ebrahim Songhori , Shen Wang , Anna Goldie , Azalia Mirhoseini , Joe Jiang , Young-Joon Lee , David Z. Pan

Global placement is a fundamental step in VLSI physical design. The wide use of 2D processing element (PE) arrays in machine learning accelerators poses new challenges of scalability and Quality of Results (QoR) for state-of-the-art…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Andrew B. Kahng , Zhiang Wang

The performance of human pose estimation depends on the spatial accuracy of keypoint localization. Most existing methods pursue the spatial accuracy through learning the high-resolution (HR) representation from input images. By the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-08 Hanbin Dai , Hailin Shi , Wu Liu , Linfang Wang , Yinglu Liu , Tao Mei

Physical design and production of Integrated Circuits (IC) is becoming increasingly more challenging as the sophistication in IC technology is steadily increasing. Placement has been one of the most critical steps in IC physical design.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-11-17 Dhruv Vashisht , Harshit Rampal , Haiguang Liao , Yang Lu , Devika Shanbhag , Elias Fallon , Levent Burak Kara

This paper proposes a novel logo image recognition approach incorporating a localization technique based on reinforcement learning. Logo recognition is an image classification task identifying a brand in an image. As the size and position…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Masato Fujitake

For deep reinforcement learning (RL) from pixels, learning effective state representations is crucial for achieving high performance. However, in practice, limited experience and high-dimensional inputs prevent effective representation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Tao Yu , Zhizheng Zhang , Cuiling Lan , Yan Lu , Zhibo Chen

We propose using Vision-Language Models (VLMs) for macro placement in chip floorplanning, a complex optimization task that has recently shown promising advancements through machine learning methods. Because human designers rely heavily on…

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