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It allows any two parties that are either both on the same network or connected via the internet to transfer the contents of a file based on a particular sequence of words. Peer discovery happens via multicast DNS if both peers are on the…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-05-04 Dennis Trautwein , Moritz Schubotz , Bela Gipp

In this short note we show that the Bitcoin network can allow remote parties to gamble with their bitcoins by tossing a fair or biased coin, with no need for a trusted party, and without the possibility of extortion by dishonest parties who…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-02-18 Adam Back , Iddo Bentov

Bitcoin, as well as many of its successors, require the whole transaction record to be reliably acquired by all nodes to prevent double-spending. Recently, many blockchains have been proposed to achieve scale-out throughput by letting nodes…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2018-05-18 Zhijie Ren , Kelong Cong , Taico V. Aerts , Bart A. P. de Jonge , Alejandro F. Morais , Zekeriya Erkin

Cryptocurrencies, based on and led by Bitcoin, have shown promise as infrastructure for pseudonymous online payments, cheap remittance, trustless digital asset exchange, and smart contracts. However, Bitcoin-derived blockchain protocols…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-11-12 Ittay Eyal , Adem Efe Gencer , Emin Gun Sirer , Robbert van Renesse

Before a fair exchange takes place, there is typically an advertisement phase with the goal of increasing the appeal of possessing a digital asset while keeping it sufficiently hidden. Advertisement phases are implicit in mainstream…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Pierpaolo Della Monica , Ivan Visconti , Andrea Vitaletti , Marco Zecchini

Bitcoin is undoubtedly a great alternative to today's existing digital payment systems. Even though Bitcoin's scalability has been debated for a long time, we see that it is no longer a concern thanks to its layer-2 solution Lightning…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-05-01 Ahmet Kurt , Abdulhadi Sahin , Ricardo Harrilal-Parchment , Kemal Akkaya

The registration, transfer, clearing and settlement of equities represents a significant part of economic activity currently underserved by modern technological innovation. In addition, recent events have revealed problems of transparency,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-12-22 Brent Kievit-Kylar , Chris Horlacher , Marc Godard , Christian Saucier

This paper emphasizes the critical role of interoperability in enabling efficient and secure communication for the fragmented distributed ledger ecosystem, particularly within on-chain finance. The purpose of this study is to streamline and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Hasret Ozan Sevim

The increasing complexity of digital asset transactions across multiple blockchains necessitates a robust atomic swap protocol that can securely handle more than two participants. Traditional atomic swap protocols, including those based on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Shengewei You , Aditya Joshi , Andrey Kuehlkamp , Jarek Nabrzyski

Despite the advantages of decentralization and immutability, blockchain technology faces significant scalability and throughput limitations, which has prompted the exploration of off-chain solutions like payment channels. Adaptor signatures…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Yi Liang , Jinguang Han

The digital currency Bitcoin has had remarkable growth since it was first proposed in 2008. Its distributed nature allows currency transactions without a central authority by using cryptographic methods and a data structure called the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-09-28 Jonathan Jogenfors

The current electricity networks were not initially designed for the high integration of variable generation technologies. They suffer significant losses due to the combustion of fossil fuels, the long-distance transmission, and…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2022-01-14 Guilherme Vieira , Jie Zhang

]A multichain non-fungible tokens (NFTs) marketplace is a decentralized platform where users can buy, sell, and trade NFTs across multiple blockchain networks by using cross communication bridge. In past most of NFT marketplace was based on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Muhammad Shoaib Farooq , Hamza Jamil , Hafiz Sohail Riaz

Decentralized marketplace applications demand fast, cheap and easy-to-use cryptocurrency payment mechanisms to facilitate high transaction volumes. The standard solution for off-chain payments, state channels, are optimized for frequent…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-08-05 Madhumitha Harishankar , Dimitrios-Georgios Akestoridis , Sriram V. Iyer , Aron Laszka , Carlee Joe-Wong , Patrick Tague

With the rise of digital currency systems that rely on blockchain to ensure ledger security, the ability to perform cross-chain transactions is becoming a crucial interoperability requirement. Such transactions allow not only funds to be…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-01-18 Rongjian Lan , Ganesha Upadhyaya , Stephen Tse , Mahdi Zamani

This paper proposes a method of emulation of \verb|OP_RAND| opcode on Bitcoin through a trustless interactive game between transaction counterparties. The game result is probabilistic and doesn't allow any party to cheat, increasing their…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Oleksandr Kurbatov

Recently, the blockchain technique was put in the spotlight as it introduced a systematic approach for multiple parties to reach consensus without needing trust. However, the application of this technique in practice is severely restricted…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2017-07-17 Zhijie Ren , Kelong Cong , Johan Pouwelse , Zekeriya Erkin

Cryptocurrencies offer an alternative to traditional methods of electronic value exchange, promising anonymous, cash-like electronic transfers, but in practice they fall short for several key reasons. We consider the false choice between…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2019-06-05 Geoff Goodell , Tomaso Aste

Cryptocurrency networks such as Bitcoin have emerged as a distributed alternative to traditional centralized financial transaction networks. However, there are major challenges in scaling up the throughput of such networks. Lightning…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-06-25 Sushil Mahavir Varma , Siva Theja Maguluri

A major challenge in blockchain sharding protocols is that more than 95% transactions are cross-shard. Not only those cross-shard transactions degrade the system throughput but also double the confirmation time, and exhaust an already…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Lan N. Nguyen , Truc Nguyen , Thang N. Dinh , My T. Thai