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The frontier of quantum computing (QC) simulation on classical hardware is quickly reaching the hard scalability limits for computational feasibility. Nonetheless, there is still a need to simulate large quantum systems classically, as the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-23 Marzio Vallero , Flavio Vella , Paolo Rech

As quantum machine learning continues to develop at a rapid pace, the importance of ensuring the robustness and efficiency of quantum algorithms cannot be overstated. Our research presents an analysis of quantum randomized smoothing, how…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-26 Nicola Franco , Marie Kempkes , Jakob Spiegelberg , Jeanette Miriam Lorenz

We present a benchmarking protocol for universal quantum computers, achieved through the simulation of random dynamical quantum maps. This protocol provides a holistic assessment of system-wide error rates, encapsulating both gate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-30 Daniel Volya , Prabhat Mishra

Results on the hardness of approximate sampling are seen as important stepping stones towards a convincing demonstration of the superior computational power of quantum devices. The most prominent suggestions for such experiments include…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-05-31 Dominik Hangleiter , Martin Kliesch , Jens Eisert , Christian Gogolin

Quantum processors with sizes in the 10-100 qubit range are now increasingly common. However, with increased size comes increased complexity for benchmarking. The effectiveness of a given device may vary greatly between different tasks, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-06-08 James R. Wootton

We introduce a quantum algorithm for efficient biased sampling of the rare events generated by classical memoryful stochastic processes. We show that this quantum algorithm gives an extreme advantage over known classical biased sampling…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-02-21 C. Aghamohammadi , S. P. Loomis , J. R. Mahoney , J. P. Crutchfield

Molecular simulations are widely regarded as leading candidates to demonstrate quantum advantage--defined as the point at which quantum methods surpass classical approaches in either accuracy or scale. Yet the qubit counts and error rates…

How much information do we need about a process' past to faithfully simulate its future? The statistical complexity is a prominent quantifier of structure for stochastic processes. Quantum machines, however, can simulate classical…

Boson sampling, a computational task believed to be classically hard to simulate, is expected to hold promise for demonstrating quantum computational advantage using near-term quantum devices. However, noise in experimental implementations…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-17 Byeongseon Go , Changhun Oh , Hyunseok Jeong

Characterizing quantum processes is essential for unlocking the potential of quantum devices. However, standard quantum process tomography is resource-intensive and becomes infeasible on large-scale systems. Despite alternative approaches…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-24 Hao Zhan , Zongbo Bao , Zekun Ye , Qianyi Wang , Minghao Mi , Penghui Yao , Lijian Zhang

Simulations of stochastic processes play an important role in the quantitative sciences, enabling the characterisation of complex systems. Recent work has established a quantum advantage in stochastic simulation, leading to quantum devices…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-05-20 Farzad Ghafari , Nora Tischler , Carlo Di Franco , Jayne Thompson , Mile Gu , Geoff J. Pryde

The main promise of quantum computing is to efficiently solve certain problems that are prohibitively expensive for a classical computer. Most problems with a proven quantum advantage involve the repeated use of a black box, or oracle,…

We investigate the relationship between two distinct classical approaches to quantum systems: direct simulation from a classical description and sample-based learning from measurement data. While both tasks ultimately aim to reproduce…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-29 João Pedro Del Rey , Raúl O. Vallejos , Fernando de Melo

Efficient sampling from a classical Gibbs distribution is an important computational problem with applications ranging from statistical physics over Monte Carlo and optimization algorithms to machine learning. We introduce a family of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-08 Dominik S. Wild , Dries Sels , Hannes Pichler , Cristian Zanoci , Mikhail D. Lukin

Tensor networks represent the state-of-the-art in computational methods across many disciplines, including the classical simulation of quantum many-body systems and quantum circuits. Several applications of current interest give rise to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-17 Johnnie Gray , Stefanos Kourtis

Boson sampling, a computational problem conjectured to be hard to simulate on a classical machine, is a promising candidate for an experimental demonstration of quantum advantage using bosons. However, inevitable experimental noise and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-12 Gabriele Bressanini , Hyukjoon Kwon , M. S. Kim

We present a tensor-network-based method for simulating a weakly-measured quantum circuit. In particular, we use a Markov chain to efficiently sample measurements and contract the tensor network, propagating their effect forward along the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-09 Darren Pereira , Leonardo Banchi

It is well known that for certain tasks, quantum computing outperforms classical computing. A growing number of contributions try to use this advantage in order to improve or extend classical machine learning algorithms by methods of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-12-12 Maria Schuld , Ilya Sinayskiy , Francesco Petruccione

Characterizing and mitigating errors in current noisy intermediate-scale devices is important to improve performance of next generations of quantum hardware. In order to investigate the importance of the different noise mechanisms affecting…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-14 Gabriele Cenedese , Giuliano Benenti , Maria Bondani

The generation of random numbers via quantum processes is an efficient and reliable method to obtain true indeterministic random numbers that are of vital importance to cryptographic communication and large-scale computer modeling. However,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-20 J. Y. Haw , S. M. Assad , A. M. Lance , N. H. Y. Ng , V. Sharma , P. K. Lam , T. Symul