Related papers: Minimal ring extensions of the integers exhibiting…

We say that a commutative ring R satisfies the restricted minimum (RM) condition if for all essential ideals I in R, factor R/I is an Artinian ring. We will focus on Noetherian reduced rings because in this setting known results for RM…

In analogy with classical submanifold theory, we introduce morphisms of real metric calculi together with noncommutative embeddings. We show that basic concepts, such as the second fundamental form and the Weingarten map, translate into the…

We performed an experimental test of the Kochen-Specker theorem based on an inequality derived from the Peres-Mermin proof, using spin-path (momentum) entanglement in a single neutron system. Following the strategy proposed by Cabello et…

The Bell-Kochen-Specker theorem (BKS) theorem rules out realistic {\it non-contextual} theories by resorting to impossible assignments of rays among a selected set of maximal orthogonal bases. We investigate the geometrical structure of…

We present a computational survey of Kochen-Specker (KS) uncolorability in three-dimensional Hilbert space across two-symbol coordinate alphabets $\mathcal{A} = \{0, \pm 1, \pm x\}$ drawn from quadratic, cyclotomic, and golden-ratio number…

Let G be a group such that its finite subgroups have bounded order, let d denote the lowest common multiple of the orders of the finite subgroups of G, and let K be a subfield of C that is closed under complex conjugation. Let U(G) denote…

Contextuality is a key distinguishing feature between classical and quantum physics. It expresses a fundamental obstruction to describing quantum theory using classical concepts. In turn, understood as a resource for quantum computation, it…

Let D be a division algebra with center F. A maximal subfield of D is defined to be a field K such that CD(K) = K; that is, K is its own centralizer in D. A maximal subfield K is said to be self-invariant if it normalises by itself, i.e.…

Let $D$ be a commutative domain with field of fractions $K$ and let $A$ be a torsion-free $D$-algebra such that $A \cap K = D$. The ring of integer-valued polynomials on $A$ with coefficients in $K$ is ${\rm Int}_K(A) = \{f \in K[X] \mid…

We develop a general ring theory in the o-minimal setting culminating in a description of all the definable rings in an arbitrary o-minimal structure. We show that every definably connected ring with non-trivial multiplication defines an…

In the paper it is shown that the Kochen-Specker theorem follows from Burnside's theorem on noncommutative algebras. Accordingly, contextuality (as an impossibility of assigning binary values to projection operators independently of their…

Let $k$ be an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero, let $X$ and $Y$ be smooth irreducible algebraic curves over $k$, and let $D(X)$ and $D(Y)$ denote respectively the quotient division rings of the ring of differential…

Let $G$ be a subgroup of the automorphism group of a commutative ring with identity $T$. Let $R$ be a subring of $T$ such that $R$ is invariant under the action by $G$. We show $R^G\subset T^G$ is a minimal ring extension whenever $R\subset…

Semi-free ideal rings, or semifirs, were introduced by Paul M. Cohn to study universal localizations in the non-commutative setting. We provide new examples of semifirs consisting of analytic functions in several non-commuting variables.…

Let $R$ be a prime ring with center $Z(R)$ and with involution $*$. Given an additive subgroup $A$ of $R$, let $T(A):=\{x+x^*\mid x\in A\}$ and $K_0(A):=\{x-x^*\mid x\in A\}$. Let $L$ be a non-abelian Lie ideal of $R$. It is proved that if…

This paper studies the set of $n\times n$ matrices for which all row and column sums equal zero. By representing these matrices in a lower dimensional space, it is shown that this set is closed under addition and multiplication, and…

We develop a new technique for studying monomial ideals in the standard polynomial rings $A[X_1,\ldots,X_d]$ where $A$ is a commutative ring with identity. The main idea is to consider induced ideals in the semigroup ring…

Fully revealing the mathmatical structure of quantum contextuality is a significant task, while some known contextuality theories are only applicable for rank-1 projectors. That is because they adopt the observable-based definitions. This…

We question the emergence of a minimal length in quantum spacetime, comparing two notions that appeared at various points in the literature: on the one side, the quantum length as the spectrum of an operator L in the Doplicher Fredenhagen…

We prove the following theorem: let $\widetilde{\mathcal R}$ be an expansion of the real field $\overline{\mathbb R}$, such that every definable set (I) is a uniform countable union of semialgebraic sets, and (II) contains a "semialgebraic…