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Simultaneous machine translation (SimulMT) speeds up the translation process by starting to translate before the source sentence is completely available. It is difficult due to limited context and word order difference between languages.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-05 Chih-Chiang Chang , Shun-Po Chuang , Hung-yi Lee

This paper tackles several challenges that arise when integrating Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) and Machine Translation (MT) for real-time, on-device streaming speech translation. Although state-of-the-art ASR systems based on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Zeeshan Ahmed , Frank Seide , Niko Moritz , Ju Lin , Ruiming Xie , Simone Merello , Zhe Liu , Christian Fuegen

Recent years have seen an increasing number of studies around the design of computer-assisted interpreting tools with integrated automatic speech processing and their use by trainees and professional interpreters. This paper discusses the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-11 Claudio Fantinuoli , Maddalena Montecchio

Simultaneous machine translation is a variant of machine translation that starts the translation process before the end of an input. This task faces a trade-off between translation accuracy and latency. We have to determine when we start…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-28 Katsuki Chousa , Katsuhito Sudoh , Satoshi Nakamura

Simultaneous translation on both text and speech focuses on a real-time and low-latency scenario where the model starts translating before reading the complete source input. Evaluating simultaneous translation models is more complex than…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-08-03 Xutai Ma , Mohammad Javad Dousti , Changhan Wang , Jiatao Gu , Juan Pino

Simultaneous machine translation (SiMT) generates translation before reading the entire source sentence and hence it has to trade off between translation quality and latency. To fulfill the requirements of different translation quality and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-22 Shaolei Zhang , Yang Feng

Simultaneous translation (ST) starts translations synchronously while reading source sentences, and is used in many online scenarios. The previous wait-k policy is concise and achieved good results in ST. However, wait-k policy faces two…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-24 Shaolei Zhang , Yang Feng , Liangyou Li

Achieving natural full-duplex interaction in spoken dialogue systems (SDS) remains a challenge due to the difficulty of accurately detecting user interruptions. Current solutions are polarized between "trigger-happy" VAD-based methods that…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Kangxiang Xia , Bingshen Mu , Xian Shi , Jin Xu , Lei Xie

For speech interaction, voice activity detection (VAD) is often used as a front-end. However, traditional VAD algorithms usually need to wait for a continuous tail silence to reach a preset maximum duration before segmentation, resulting in…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-23 Mohan Shi , Yuchun Shu , Lingyun Zuo , Qian Chen , Shiliang Zhang , Jie Zhang , Li-Rong Dai

Current simultaneous speech translation models can process audio only up to a few seconds long. Contemporary datasets provide an oracle segmentation into sentences based on human-annotated transcripts and translations. However, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Peter Polák , Ondřej Bojar

Through the development of neural machine translation, the quality of machine translation systems has been improved significantly. By exploiting advancements in deep learning, systems are now able to better approximate the complex mapping…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-08-03 Jan Niehues , Ngoc-Quan Pham , Thanh-Le Ha , Matthias Sperber , Alex Waibel

Simultaneous Machine Translation (SiMT) requires high-quality translations under strict real-time constraints, which traditional encoder-decoder policies with only READ/WRITE actions cannot fully address. We extend the action space of SiMT…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Qianen Zhang , Satoshi Nakamura

Simultaneous translation is a task in which translation begins before the speaker has finished speaking, so it is important to decide when to start the translation process. However, deciding whether to read more input words or start to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-27 Yasumasa Kano , Katsuhito Sudoh , Satoshi Nakamura

Simultaneous translation, which translates sentences before they are finished, is useful in many scenarios but is notoriously difficult due to word-order differences. While the conventional seq-to-seq framework is only suitable for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-26 Mingbo Ma , Liang Huang , Hao Xiong , Renjie Zheng , Kaibo Liu , Baigong Zheng , Chuanqiang Zhang , Zhongjun He , Hairong Liu , Xing Li , Hua Wu , Haifeng Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used in Spoken Language Understanding (SLU), where effective multimodal learning depends on the alignment between audio and text. Despite various fusion methods, no standard metric exists to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Pooneh Mousavi , Yingzhi Wang , Mirco Ravanelli , Cem Subakan

Applications designed for simultaneous speech translation during events such as conferences or meetings need to balance quality and lag while displaying translated text to deliver a good user experience. One common approach to building…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-30 Shashank Subramanya , Jan Niehues

The translation of written language has been known since the 3rd century BC; however, its necessity has become increasingly common in the information age. Today, many translators exist, based on encoder-decoder deep architectures,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Ronit D. Gross , Yanir Harel , Ido Kanter

Machine translation (MT) was developed as one of the hottest research topics in the natural language processing (NLP) literature. One important issue in MT is that how to evaluate the MT system reasonably and tell us whether the translation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-25 Lifeng Han

For spoken language translation (SLT) in live scenarios such as conferences, lectures and meetings, it is desirable to show the translation to the user as quickly as possible, avoiding an annoying lag between speaker and translated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-02 Yuekun Yao , Barry Haddow

Simultaneous machine translation consists in starting output generation before the entire input sequence is available. Wait-k decoders offer a simple but efficient approach for this problem. They first read k source tokens, after which they…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-08-05 Maha Elbayad , Laurent Besacier , Jakob Verbeek