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Temporally modulated optical media are important in both abstract and applied applications, such as spacetime transformation optics, relativistic laser-plasma interactions, and dynamic metamaterials. Here we investigate the behaviour of…

This paper overviews the principles, theoretical analysis and numerical simulation of STM media and their applications in communication systems. We first present a global perspective on the principles of ST modulation, naturally and…

Classical Physics · Physics 2019-03-13 Sajjad Taravati , Ahmed A. Kishk

Space-time modulation of electromagnetic parameters offers novel exciting possibilities for advanced field manipulations. In this study, we explore wave scattering from a time-varying interface characterized by a Lorentz-type dispersion…

Exploring the interaction of light with time-varying media is an intellectual challenge that, in addition to fundamental aspects, provides a pathway to multiple promising applications. Time modulation constitutes here a fundamental handle…

Modulating macroscopic parameters of materials in time offers innovative avenues for manipulating electromagnetic waves. Due to such enticing prospects, the general research subject of time-varying systems is expanding today in different…

Optics · Physics 2024-12-06 M. S. Mirmoosa , T. Setälä , A. Norrman

Power systems usually go through electromagnetic and electromechanical transient processes after different disturbances. Learning the characteristics and the differences between them are important but not easy for students majoring in power…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-02-01 Abdulelah Alharbi , Shutang You

Recent experiments have demonstrated that it is possible to alter the dispersion of a medium without significantly altering its absorption or refractive index and that this may be done while a wave propagates through the medium. This…

Optics · Physics 2010-06-10 Douglas H. Bradshaw , Michael D. Di Rosa

This paper is a preliminary work to address the problem of dynamical systems with parameters varying in time. An idea to predict their behaviour is proposed. These systems are called \emph{transient systems}, and are distinguished from…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2014-11-04 Ugo Galvanetto , Luca Magri

Time modulation of the physical parameters offers interesting new possibilities for wave control. Examples include amplification of waves, harmonic generation and non-reciprocity, without resorting to non-linear mechanisms. Most of the…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2025-07-25 Michaël Darche , Raphaël Assier , Sébastien Guenneau , Bruno Lombard , Marie Touboul

The growing penetration of inverter-based resources and associated controls necessitates system-wide electromagnetic transient (EMT) analyses. EMT tools and methods today were not designed for the scale of these analyses. In light of the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-04 Amritanshu Pandey

Physical systems with material properties modulated in time provide versatile routes for designing magnetless nonreciprocal devices. Traditionally, nonreciprocity in such systems is achieved exploiting both temporal and spatial modulations,…

We introduce general results on well-posedness and output regulation of regular linear systems with nonautonomous controllers. We present a generalization of the internal model principle for time-dependent controllers with asymptotically…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-04-12 Lassi Paunonen , Sepideh Afshar

We explore the mathematical theory to rigorously describe the response of media with linear time-varying, generally dispersive, electromagnetic constitutive parameters. We show that even when the temporal inhomogeneity takes place on a time…

Optics · Physics 2021-04-21 Diego M. Solís , Nader Engheta

In this paper we consider different model reduction techniques for systems with moving loads. Due to the time-dependency of the input and output matrices, the application of time-varying projection matrices for the reduction offers new…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2016-07-12 Maria Cruz Varona , Boris Lohmann

The experimental proofs of strong time invariance violation in optics are discussed. Time noninvariance is the only real physical base for explanation the origin of the most phenomena in nonlinear optics. The experimental study of forward…

General Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 V. A. Kuz'menko

We develop a generalization of the time-varying Drude model, treating carrier density, effective mass, and collision rate as explicit functions of time. We derive expressions for polarization, susceptibility, displacement, and permittivity…

This work investigates the effects of time-varying media, where optical properties change over time, on electromagnetic wave propagation, focusing on plane waves and free-electron evanescent waves. We introduce a switching parameter,…

Time-varying media, i.e., materials whose properties dynamically change in time, have opened new possibilities for thermal emission engineering by lifting the limitations imposed by energy conservation and reciprocity, and providing access…

Rapid modulation of the electromagnetic response in both time and space creates temporal boundaries in the medium and leads to time-reflection and time-refraction of light and to the eventual formation of the photonic time crystal within…

Optics · Physics 2024-10-01 Evgenii E. Narimanov

We consider time-reversal of electromagnetic waves in a closed, wave-chaotic system containing a discrete, passive, harmonic-generating nonlinearity. An experimental system is constructed as a time-reversal mirror, in which excitations…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2013-12-20 Matthew Frazier , Biniyam Taddese , Bo Xiao , Thomas Antonsen , Edward Ott , Steven M. Anlage