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Planning problems are among the most important and well-studied problems in artificial intelligence. They are most typically solved by tree search algorithms that simulate ahead into the future, evaluate future states, and back-up those…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-07-18 Arthur Guez , Théophane Weber , Ioannis Antonoglou , Karen Simonyan , Oriol Vinyals , Daan Wierstra , Rémi Munos , David Silver

A novel method called mixed variable system Monte Carlo tree search (MVSMCTS) formulation is presented for optimization problems considering various types of variables with single and mixed continuous-discrete system. This method utilizes a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-10-31 Fu-Yao Ko , Katsuyuki Suzuki , Kazuo Yonekura

In the world of embedded systems, optimizing actions with the uncertain costs of multiple resources is a complex challenge. Existing methods include plan building based on Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS), an approach that thrives in multiple…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-18 Franco Cordeiro , Samuel Tardieu , Laurent Pautet

Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) has emerged as a powerful tool for decision-making in robotics, enabling efficient exploration of large search spaces. However, traditional MCTS methods struggle in environments characterized by high…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Xibai Wang

Lane-free traffic environments allow vehicles to better harness the lateral capacity of the road without being restricted to lane-keeping, thereby increasing the traffic flow rates. As such, we have a distinct and more challenging setting…

Responsibility attribution is a key concept of accountable multi-agent decision making. Given a sequence of actions, responsibility attribution mechanisms quantify the impact of each participating agent to the final outcome. One such…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-02-27 Stelios Triantafyllou , Goran Radanovic

Tree search-based methods have made significant progress in enhancing the code generation capabilities of large language models. However, due to the difficulty in effectively evaluating intermediate algorithmic steps and the inability to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Yuanyuan Lin , Xiangyu Ouyang , Teng Zhang , Kaixin Sui

Policy gradient (PG) is a reinforcement learning (RL) approach that optimizes a parameterized policy model for an expected return using gradient ascent. While PG can work well even in non-Markovian environments, it may encounter plateaus or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Tetsuro Morimura , Kazuhiro Ota , Kenshi Abe , Peinan Zhang

Recent advances in reasoning with large language models (LLMs) have shown the effectiveness of Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) for generating high quality intermediate trajectories, particularly in math and symbolic domains. Inspired by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Bingning Huang , Tu Nguyen , Matthieu Zimmer

Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) has profoundly influenced reinforcement learning (RL) by integrating planning and learning in tasks requiring long-horizon reasoning, exemplified by the AlphaZero family of algorithms. Central to MCTS is the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Maximilian Weichart

This paper introduces the MCTS algorithm to the financial world and focuses on solving significant multi-period financial planning models by combining a Monte Carlo Tree Search algorithm with a deep neural network. The MCTS provides an…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2022-05-19 Afşar Onat Aydınhan , Xiaoyue Li , John M. Mulvey

Inference-time search algorithms such as Monte-Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) may seem unnecessary when generating natural language text based on state-of-the-art reinforcement learning such as Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO). In this paper,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Jiacheng Liu , Andrew Cohen , Ramakanth Pasunuru , Yejin Choi , Hannaneh Hajishirzi , Asli Celikyilmaz

Today's automated vehicles lack the ability to cooperate implicitly with others. This work presents a Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) based approach for decentralized cooperative planning using macro-actions for automated vehicles in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-02-04 Karl Kurzer , Chenyang Zhou , J. Marius Zöllner

Monte-Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) is a fundamental sampling-based search algorithm widely used for online planning in sequential decision-making domains. Despite its success in driving recent advances in artificial intelligence, understanding…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Yiyu Qian , Liyuan Zhao , Tim Miller

Monte-Carlo tree search (MCTS) has driven many recent breakthroughs in deep reinforcement learning (RL). However, scaling MCTS to parallel compute has proven challenging in practice which has motivated alternative planners like sequential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Joery A. de Vries , Jinke He , Yaniv Oren , Matthijs T. J. Spaan

In this paper we explore the application of simultaneous move Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) based online framework for tactical maneuvering between two unmanned aircrafts. Compared to other techniques, MCTS enables efficient search over…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-09-21 Kunal Srivastava , Amit Surana

In this work we study a well-known and challenging problem of Multi-agent Pathfinding, when a set of agents is confined to a graph, each agent is assigned a unique start and goal vertices and the task is to find a set of collision-free…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-07-26 Yelisey Pitanov , Alexey Skrynnik , Anton Andreychuk , Konstantin Yakovlev , Aleksandr Panov

Monte-Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) is a family of sampling-based search algorithms widely used for online planning in sequential decision-making domains and at the heart of many recent advances in artificial intelligence. Understanding the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Yiyu Qian , Tim Miller , Zheng Qian , Liyuan Zhao

Online motion planning is a challenging problem for intelligent robots moving in dense environments with dynamic obstacles, e.g., crowds. In this work, we propose a novel approach for optimal and safe online motion planning with minimal…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Lorenzo Bonanni , Daniele Meli , Alberto Castellini , Alessandro Farinelli

Online planning is crucial for high performance in many complex sequential decision-making tasks. Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) employs a principled mechanism for trading off exploration for exploitation for efficient online planning, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-08 Kalle Kujanpää , Amin Babadi , Yi Zhao , Juho Kannala , Alexander Ilin , Joni Pajarinen