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We investigate a number of potential foregrounds for an ambitious goal of future radio telescopes such as the Square Kilometer Array (SKA) and Low Frequency Array (LOFAR): spatial tomography of neutral gas at high redshift in 21cm emission.…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 S. Peng Oh , Katherine J. Mack

The Largest Cluster Statistics\,(LCS) analysis of the redshifted 21\,cm maps has been demonstrated to be an efficient and robust method for following the time evolution of the largest ionized regions\,(LIRs) during the Epoch of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-28 Samit Kumar Pal , Saswata Dasgupta , Abhirup Datta , Suman Majumdar , Satadru Bag , Prakash Sarkar

Using high redshift radio sources as background, the 21cm forest observations probe the neutral hydrogen absorption signatures of early structures along the lines of sight. Directly sensitive to the spin temperature, it complements the 21cm…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2014-11-18 Yidong Xu , Xuelei Chen , Zuhui Fan , Hy Trac , Renyue Cen

21cm intensity mapping experiments aim to observe the diffuse neutral hydrogen (HI) distribution on large scales which traces the Cosmic structure. The Square Kilometre Array (SKA) will have the capacity to measure the 21cm signal over a…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-01-19 Laura Wolz , Filipe B. Abdalla , David Alonso , Chris Blake , Philip Bull , Tzu-Ching Chang , Pedro G. Ferreira , Cheng-Yu Kuo , Marios G. Santos , Richard Shaw

Low-frequency radio observations of neutral hydrogen during and before the epoch of cosmic reionization will provide hundreds of quasi-independent source planes, each of precisely known redshift, if a resolution of ~ 1 arcminutes or better…

Astrophysics · Physics 2010-11-11 R. Benton Metcalf

The 21-cm forest is a promising probe of the Epoch of Reionization. The local state of the intergalactic medium (IGM) is encoded in the spectrum of a background source (radio-loud quasars or gamma ray burst afterglow) by absorption at the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-11-18 Benoit Semelin

The cosmological 21cm signal offers a potential probe of the early Universe and the first ionizing sources. Current experiments probe the spatially-dependent variance (Gaussianity) of the signal through the power spectrum (PS). The signal…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-02-28 J. H. Cook , S. Balu , B. Greig , C. M. Trott , J. L. B. Line , Y. Qin , J. S. B. Wyithe

The optical depth $\tau$ is the least well determined parameter in the standard model of cosmology, and one whose precise value is important for both understanding reionization and for inferring fundamental physics from cosmological…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-10-05 Noah Sailer , Shi-Fan Chen , Martin White

Intensity mapping of the 21cm signal of neutral hydrogen will yield exciting insights into the Epoch of Reionisation and the nature of the first galaxies. However, the large amount of data that will be generated by the next generation of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-09-15 Adélie Gorce , Anne Hutter , Jonathan R. Pritchard

We predict the 21-cm global signal and power spectra during the Epoch of Reionisation using the MERAXES semi-analytic galaxy formation and reionisation model, updated to include X-ray heating and thermal evolution of the intergalactic…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-02-21 Sreedhar Balu , Bradley Greig , Yisheng Qiu , Chris Power , Yuxiang Qin , Simon Mutch , J. Stuart B. Wyithe

21 cm Epoch of Reionization observations promise to transform our understanding of galaxy formation, but these observations are impossible without unprecedented levels of instrument calibration. We present end-to-end simulations of a full…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2016-06-09 N. Barry , B. Hazelton , I. Sullivan , M. F. Morales , J. C. Pober

We investigate the feasibility of measuring weak gravitational lensing using 21cm intensity mapping with special emphasis on the performance of the planned Square Kilometre Array (SKA). We find that the current design for SKA-Mid should be…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-03-04 A. Pourtsidou , R. Benton Metcalf

The hyperfine 21-cm transition of neutral hydrogen from the early Universe ($z>5$) is a sensitive probe of the formation and evolution of the first luminous sources. Using the Fisher matrix formalism we explore the complex and degenerate…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-08-24 Sreedhar Balu , Bradley Greig , J. Stuart B. Wyithe

We extend 21CMMC, a Monte Carlo Markov Chain sampler of 3D reionisation simulations, to perform parameter estimation directly on 3D light-cones of the cosmic 21cm signal. This brings theoretical analysis closer to the tomographic 21-cm…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2018-04-11 Bradley Greig , Andrei Mesinger

The Square Kilometre Array (SKA) is a planned radio interferometer of unprecedented scale that will revolutionize low-frequency radio astronomy when completed. In particular, one of its core science drivers is the systematic mapping of the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-01-11 Nichole Barry , Gianni Bernardi , Bradley Greig , Nicholas Kern , Florent Mertens

The cosmic 21-cm signal will bring data-driven advances to studies of the Cosmic Dawn (CD) and Epoch of Reionization (EoR). Radio telescopes such as the SKA will eventually map the HI fluctuations over the first billion years - the majority…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-10-08 David Prelogović , Andrei Mesinger

The epoch of reionization (EoR), marking the Universe's transition from a neutral to ionized state, represents a pivotal phase for understanding the formation of the first stars and galaxies. Intensity mapping of atomic and molecular lines,…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-12-17 Anirban Roy , Anthony Pullen , Patrick C. Breysse , Rachel S. Somerville

The 21-cm power spectrum of reionization is a promising probe for cosmology and fundamental physics. Exploiting this new observable, however, requires fast predictors capable of efficiently scanning the very large parameter space of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-02-15 Aurel Schneider , Timothée Schaeffer , Sambit K. Giri

We present a differentiable, end-to-end Bayesian forward modeling framework for line intensity mapping cosmology experiments, with a specific focus on low-frequency radio telescopes targeting the redshifted 21 cm line from neutral hydrogen…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-15 Nicholas Kern

We study constraints on allowed reionization histories by comparing predictions of a physical semi-numerical model with secondary temperature and polarization anisotropies of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). Our model has four free…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-12-02 Tirthankar Roy Choudhury , Suvodip Mukherjee , Sourabh Paul