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A volatility surface is an important tool for pricing and hedging derivatives. The surface shows the volatility that is implied by the market price of an option on an asset as a function of the option's strike price and maturity. Often,…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2021-02-09 Maxime Bergeron , Nicholas Fung , John Hull , Zissis Poulos

This paper presents a deep generative modeling framework for controllably synthesizing implied volatility surfaces (IVSs) using a variational autoencoder (VAE). Unlike conventional data-driven models, our approach provides explicit control…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2025-09-03 Jing Wang , Shuaiqiang Liu , Cornelis Vuik

For quantitative trading risk management purposes, we present a novel idea: the realized local volatility surface. Concisely, it stands for the conditional expected volatility when sudden market behaviors of the underlying occur. One is…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2025-05-01 Yuming Ma , Shintaro Sengoku , Kazuhide Nakata

The implied volatility surface (IVS) is a fundamental building block in computational finance. We provide a survey of methodologies for constructing such surfaces. We also discuss various topics which can influence the successful…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2011-07-12 Cristian Homescu

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a useful tool when trying to construct factor models from historical asset returns. For the implied volatilities of U.S. equities there is a PCA-based model with a principal eigenportfolio whose return…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2020-02-04 Marco Avellaneda , Brian Healy , Andrew Papanicolaou , George Papanicolaou

Recent literature seek to forecast implied volatility derived from equity, index, foreign exchange, and interest rate options using latent factor and parametric frameworks. Motivated by increased public attention borne out of the…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2020-09-22 Fearghal Kearney , Han Lin Shang , Lisa Sheenan

We propose a new static parameterization of the implied volatility surface which is constructed by using polynomials of sigmoid functions combined with some other terms. This parameterization is flexible enough to fit market implied…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2014-12-09 Andrey Itkin

We propose a two-step framework for predicting the implied volatility surface over time without static arbitrage. In the first step, we select features to represent the surface and predict them over time. In the second step, we use the…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2022-01-04 Wenyong Zhang , Lingfei Li , Gongqiu Zhang

We propose a deep hedging framework for index option portfolios, grounded in a realistic market simulator that captures the joint dynamics of S&P 500 returns and the full implied volatility surface. Our approach integrates surface-informed…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2025-08-14 Pascal François , Geneviève Gauthier , Frédéric Godin , Carlos O. Pérez-Mendoza

In this paper we develop a novel neural network model for predicting implied volatility surface. Prior financial domain knowledge is taken into account. A new activation function that incorporates volatility smile is proposed, which is used…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2021-05-31 Yu Zheng , Yongxin Yang , Bowei Chen

We introduce a new approach for generating sequences of implied volatility (IV) surfaces across multiple assets that is faithful to historical prices. We do so using a combination of functional data analysis and neural stochastic…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2023-12-27 Vedant Choudhary , Sebastian Jaimungal , Maxime Bergeron

In this study, we constructed daily high-frequency sentiment data and used the VAR method to attempt to predict the next day's implied volatility surface. We utilized 630,000 text data entries from the East Money Stock Forum from 2014 to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Jiahao Weng , Yan Xie

It is a market practice to express market-implied volatilities in some parametric form. The most popular parametrizations are based on or inspired by an underlying stochastic model, like the Heston model (SVI method) or the SABR model (SABR…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2026-01-06 Nicola F. Zaugg , Leonardo Perotti , Lech A. Grzelak

We investigate the data-driven discovery of parametric representations for implied volatility slices. Using symbolic regression, we search for simple analytic formulas that approximate the total implied variance as a function of…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2026-03-24 Martin Keller-Ressel , Hannes Nikulski

Neural implicit surface representations have recently emerged as popular alternative to explicit 3D object encodings, such as polygonal meshes, tabulated points, or voxels. While significant work has improved the geometric fidelity of these…

Graphics · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Yanran Guan , Andrei Chubarau , Ruby Rao , Derek Nowrouzezahrai

Option prices encode the market's collective outlook through implied density and implied volatility. An explicit link between implied density and implied volatility translates the risk-neutrality of the former into conditions on the latter…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2026-03-19 Jimin Lin

Volatility of financial stock is referring to the degree of uncertainty or risk embedded within a stock's dynamics. Such risk has been received huge amounts of attention from diverse financial researchers. By following the concept of…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2021-10-25 Xiaodong Wang , Fushing Hsieh

Learning compact and meaningful latent space representations has been shown to be very useful in generative modeling tasks for visual data. One particular example is applying Vector Quantization (VQ) in variational autoencoders (VQ-VAEs,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Xin Li , Anand Sarwate

We present a dynamic hedging scheme for S&P 500 options, where rebalancing decisions are enhanced by integrating information about the implied volatility surface dynamics. The optimal hedging strategy is obtained through a deep policy…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2025-08-14 Pascal François , Geneviève Gauthier , Frédéric Godin , Carlos Octavio Pérez Mendoza

Positional encodings have enabled recent works to train a single adversarial network that can generate images of different scales. However, these approaches are either limited to a set of discrete scales or struggle to maintain good…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-06 Evangelos Ntavelis , Mohamad Shahbazi , Iason Kastanis , Radu Timofte , Martin Danelljan , Luc Van Gool
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