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We present general considerations regarding the derivation of the radial distances of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) from elongation angle measurements such as those provided by SECCHI and SMEI, focusing on measurements in the Heliospheric…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-14 N. Lugaz , A. Vourlidas , I. I. Roussev

Shocks driven by coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are primary drivers of gradual solar energetic particle (SEP) events, posing significant risks to space technology and astronauts. Concurrently, particles accelerated at these shocks may also…

Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are more energetic than any other class of solar phenomena. They arise from the rapid release of up to $10^{33}$ erg of magnetic energy mainly in the form of particle acceleration and bulk plasma motion. Their…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2022-05-25 Julián D. Alvarado-Gómez , Jeremy J. Drake , Ofer Cohen , Federico Fraschetti , Cecilia Garraffo , Katja Poppenhäger

Accurate space weather forecasting requires knowledge of the trajectory of coronal mass ejections (CMEs), including any deflections close to the Sun or through interplanetary space. Kay et al. 2013 introduced ForeCAT, a model of CME…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-03 C. Kay , M. Opher , R. M. Evans

Two major coronal mass ejections (CMEs) observed during the Whole Heliosphere Interval (WHI) are compared with the catastrophe (CA) and eruptive flux rope (EF) models. The objective is to test two distinct mechanisms for CMEs by modeling…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-12-23 Chia-Hsien Lin , James Chen

The NASA STEREO mission opened up the possibility to forecast the arrival times, speeds and directions of solar transients from outside the Sun-Earth line. In particular, we are interested in predicting potentially geo-effective…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-04 Christian Möstl , Jackie A. Davies

Understanding the early evolution of coronal mass ejections (CMEs), in particular their initiation, is the key to forecasting solar eruptions and induced disastrous space weather. Although many initiation mechanisms have been proposed, a…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2024-02-27 Chen Xing , Guillaume Aulanier , Xin Cheng , Chun Xia , Mingde Ding

We present a validation of our recently proposed non-conventional method, Constant Acceleration Accounted Perspective (CAAP), for estimating the instantaneous expansion speed of coronal mass ejection (CMEs), even when only single-point in…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-13 Anjali Agarwal , Wageesh Mishra , Mathew J. Owens , Tanja Amerstorfer

Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) observed near the Sun via LASCO coronographic imaging are the most important solar drivers of geomagnetic storms. ICMEs, their interplanetary, near-Earth counterparts, can be detected in-situ, for example, by…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 V. Yurchyshyn , Q. Hu , R. P. Lepping , B. J. Lynch , J. Krall

Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) are highly dynamic events originating in the solar atmosphere, that show a wide range of kinematic properties and are the major drivers of the space weather. The angular width of the CMEs is a crucial parameter…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2021-04-28 V. Pant , R. Majumdar , R. Patel , A. Chauhan , D. Banerjee , N. Gopalswamy

In 2012 March the Sun exhibited extraordinary activities. In particular, the active region NOAA AR 11429 emitted a series of large coronal mass ejections (CMEs) which were imaged by STEREO as it rotated with the Sun from the east to west.…

Space Physics · Physics 2015-06-19 Ying D. Liu , John D. Richardson , Chi Wang , Janet G. Luhmann

Understanding and forecasting the geoeffectiveness of a coronal mass ejection (CME) is crucial for protecting infrastructure in the near-Earth space environment and on Earth. In this study, we present a novel fusion model to forecast the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-26 Zhaoxin Yan , Jason T. L. Wang , Haimin Wang , Harim Lee , Ju Jing , Yan Xu , Chunhui Xu , Vasyl Yurchyshyn

Accurately predicting the z-component of the interplanetary magnetic field, particularly during the passage of an interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME), is a crucial objective for space weather predictions. Currently, only a handful…

Space Physics · Physics 2023-05-10 Pete Riley , M. A. Reiss , C. Mostl

As a follow-up study on Sun-to-Earth propagation of fast coronal mass ejections (CMEs), we examine the Sun-to-Earth characteristics of slow CMEs combining heliospheric imaging and in situ observations. Three events of particular interest,…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2016-03-23 Ying D. Liu , Huidong Hu , Chi Wang , Janet G. Luhmann , John D. Richardson , Zhongwei Yang , Rui Wang

The radial expansion of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) is known to occur from remote observations; from the variation of their properties with radial distance; and from local in situ plasma measurements showing a decreasing speed profile…

Space Physics · Physics 2020-08-26 N. Lugaz , T. M. Salman , R. M. Winslow , N. Al-Haddad , C. J. Farrugia , B. Zhuang , A. B. Galvin

Energetic flares and associated coronal mass ejections (CMEs) from young magnetically active solar-like stars can play a critical role in setting conditions for atmospheric escape as well aspenetration of accelerated particles into their…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-01-08 Christina Kay , Vladimir S. Airapetian , Theresa Lüftinger , Oleg Kochukhov

Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) are the major drivers of Space Weather (SWx), so predicting their arrival at Earth is a major aspect of SWx forecasting. Despite increasingly complex models proposed over the past decades, the mean absolute…

Space Physics · Physics 2025-08-18 Syed Raza , Talwinder Singh , Nikolai Pogorelov

Solar Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) are sometimes deflected during their propagation. This deflection may be the consequence of interaction between a CME and a coronal hole or the solar wind. We analyze 44 halo-CMEs whose deflection angle…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-09-02 Jingjing Wang , J. Todd Hoeksema , Siqing Liu

A key challenge in space weather forecasting is accurately predicting the magnetic field topology of interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs), specifically the north-south magnetic field component (Bz) for Earth-directed CMEs.…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2023-11-28 Ranadeep Sarkar , Jens Pomoell , Emilia Kilpua , Eleanna Asvestari , Nicolas Wijsen , Anwesha Maharana , Stefaan Poedts

The prediction of the arrival time for fast coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and their associated shocks is highly desirable in space weather studies. In this paper, we use two shock propagation models, i.e. Data Guided Shock Time Of Arrival…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2016-10-19 Xinhua Zhao , Ying D. Liu , Bernd Inhester , Xueshang Feng , Thomas Wiegelmann , Lei Lu
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