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We explore the use of normalizing flows to emulate Monte Carlo detector simulations of photon showers in a high-granularity electromagnetic calorimeter prototype for the International Large Detector (ILD). Our proposed method -- which we…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2023-10-23 Sascha Diefenbacher , Engin Eren , Frank Gaede , Gregor Kasieczka , Claudius Krause , Imahn Shekhzadeh , David Shih

Normalizing flows have received a great deal of recent attention as they allow flexible generative modeling as well as easy likelihood computation. While a wide variety of flow models have been proposed, there is little formal understanding…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-02 Zhifeng Kong , Kamalika Chaudhuri

Many modern applications of Bayesian inference, such as in cosmology, are based on complicated forward models with high-dimensional parameter spaces. This considerably limits the sampling of posterior distributions conditioned on observed…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-09-17 Marco Raveri , Cyrille Doux , Shivam Pandey

The choice of approximate posterior distributions plays a central role in stochastic variational inference (SVI). One effective solution is the use of normalizing flows \cut{defined on Euclidean spaces} to construct flexible posterior…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-14 Avishek Joey Bose , Ariella Smofsky , Renjie Liao , Prakash Panangaden , William L. Hamilton

Modeling real-world distributions can often be challenging due to sample data that are subjected to perturbations, e.g., instrumentation errors, or added random noise. Since flow models are typically nonlinear algorithms, they amplify these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Sameera Ramasinghe , Kasun Fernando , Salman Khan , Nick Barnes

Applications of normalizing flows to the sampling of field configurations in lattice gauge theory have so far been explored almost exclusively in two space-time dimensions. We report new algorithmic developments of gauge-equivariant flow…

This study investigates how conditional normalizing flows can be applied to remote sensing data products in climate science for spatio-temporal prediction. The method is chosen due to its desired properties such as exact likelihood…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Christina Winkler , David Rolnick

Tuning of measurement models is challenging in real-world applications of sequential Monte Carlo methods. Recent advances in differentiable particle filters have led to various efforts to learn measurement models through neural networks.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-03-17 Xiongjie Chen , Yunpeng Li

We propose using Normalizing Flows as a trainable kernel within the molecular dynamics update of Hamiltonian Monte Carlo (HMC). By learning (invertible) transformations that simplify our dynamics, we can outperform traditional methods at…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-06 Sam Foreman , Taku Izubuchi , Luchang Jin , Xiao-Yong Jin , James C. Osborn , Akio Tomiya

This paper presents a general framework for estimating high-dimensional conditional latent factor models via constrained nuclear norm regularization. We establish large sample properties of the estimators and provide efficient algorithms…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-12-09 Qihui Chen

We propose a framework using normalizing-flow based models, SELF-Referencing Embedded Strings, and multi-objective optimization that efficiently generates small molecules. With an initial training set of only 100 small molecules, FastFlows…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2022-02-01 Nathan C. Frey , Vijay Gadepally , Bharath Ramsundar

Sampling from unnormalized densities is analogous to the generative modeling problem, but the target distribution is defined by a known energy function instead of data samples. Because evaluating the energy function is often costly, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Aaron Havens , Brian Karrer , Neta Shaul

In this work, we propose a new family of generative flows on an augmented data space, with an aim to improve expressivity without drastically increasing the computational cost of sampling and evaluation of a lower bound on the likelihood.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-19 Chin-Wei Huang , Laurent Dinh , Aaron Courville

Observations of intergalactic neutral hydrogen can provide a wealth of information about structure and galaxy formation, potentially tracing accretion and feedback processes on Mpc scales. Below a column density of NHI ~ 10^19 cm-2, the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-13 Attila Popping , Romeel Dave , Robert Braun , Benjamin D. Oppenheimer

Flow models have rapidly become the go-to method for training and deploying large-scale generators, owing their success to inference-time flexibility via adjustable integration steps. A crucial ingredient in flow training is the choice of…

Modern reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms have found success by using powerful probabilistic models, such as transformers, energy-based models, and diffusion/flow-based models. To this end, RL researchers often choose to pay the price…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Raj Ghugare , Benjamin Eysenbach

Normalizing flows have recently demonstrated the ability to learn the Boltzmann distribution of the Hubbard model, opening new avenues for generative modeling in condensed matter physics. In this work, we investigate the steps required to…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2026-01-27 Janik Kreit , Andrea Bulgarelli , Lena Funcke , Thomas Luu , Dominic Schuh , Simran Singh , Lorenzo Verzichelli

Normalizing flows are a powerful tool for generative modelling, density estimation and posterior reconstruction in Bayesian inverse problems. In this paper, we introduce proximal residual flows, a new architecture of normalizing flows.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-19 Johannes Hertrich

Given an inverse problem with a normalizing flow prior, we wish to estimate the distribution of the underlying signal conditioned on the observations. We approach this problem as a task of conditional inference on the pre-trained…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-06-16 Jay Whang , Erik M. Lindgren , Alexandros G. Dimakis

Graphical forecasting models learn the structure of time series data via projecting onto a graph, with recent techniques capturing spatial-temporal associations between variables via edge weights. Hierarchical variants offer a distinct…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Thomas Bailie , Yun Sing Koh , S. Karthik Mukkavilli , Varvara Vetrova
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