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Related papers: A Genus-two Surface Code

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In this paper, the degenerate ground states of Z2 topological order on a plane with holes (the so-called surface codes) are used as the protected code subspace to build a topological quantum computer by tuning their quantum tunneling…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-29 Su-Peng Kou

The recently introduced tile codes are a promising alternative to surface codes, combining two-dimensional locality with higher encoding efficiency. While surface codes are well understood in terms of their logical operators and boundary…

We present an improved low-overhead implementation of surface code logical H. We describe in full detail logical H applied to a single distance 7 double-defect logical qubit in an otherwise idle scalable array such qubits. Our goal is to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-09-11 Austin G. Fowler

We study the resources needed to construct topological 2D stabilizer codes as a way to estimate in part their efficiency and this leads us to perform a comparative study of surface codes and color codes. This study clarifies the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 H. Bombin , M. A. Martin-Delgado

Surface codes describe quantum memory stored as a global property of interacting spins on a surface. The state space is fixed by a complete set of quasi-local stabilizer operators and the code dimension depends on the first homology group…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-11-26 Stephen S. Bullock , Gavin K. Brennen

The surface code is designed to suppress errors in quantum computing hardware and currently offers the most believable pathway to large-scale quantum computation. The surface code requires a 2-D array of nearest-neighbor coupled qubits that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-10-04 Austin G. Fowler

We construct toric codes on various high-dimensional manifolds. Assuming a conjecture in geometry we find families of quantum CSS stabilizer codes on $N$ qubits with logarithmic weight stabilizers and distance $N^{1-\epsilon}$ for any…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-08-19 M. B. Hastings

Topological quantum error correction is a milestone in the scaling roadmap of quantum computers, which targets circuits with trillions of gates that would allow running quantum algorithms for real-world problems. The square-lattice surface…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-12 César Benito , Esperanza López , Borja Peropadre , Alejandro Bermudez

The surface code is a powerful quantum error correcting code that can be defined on a 2-D square lattice of qubits with only nearest neighbor interactions. Syndrome and data qubits form a checkerboard pattern. Information about errors is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-11-24 Austin G. Fowler , David S. Wang , Lloyd C. L. Hollenberg

Fault-tolerant logic gates will consume a large proportion of the resources of a two-dimensional quantum computing architecture. Here we show how to perform a fault-tolerant non-Clifford gate with the surface code; a quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-20 Benjamin J. Brown

Given a quantum gate circuit, how does one execute it in a fault-tolerant architecture with as little overhead as possible? In this paper, we discuss strategies for surface-code quantum computing on small, intermediate and large scales.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-03-07 Daniel Litinski

The surface code is a many-body quantum system, and simulating it in generic conditions is computationally hard. While the surface code is believed to have a high threshold, the numerical simulations used to establish this threshold are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-08-02 Andrew S. Darmawan , David Poulin

We introduce group surface codes, which are a natural generalization of the $\mathbb{Z}_2$ surface code, and equivalent to quantum double models of finite groups with specific boundary conditions. We show that group surface codes can be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-06 Naren Manjunath , Vieri Mattei , Apoorv Tiwari , Tyler D. Ellison

As quantum computers scale toward millions of physical qubits, it becomes essential to robustly encode individual logical qubits to ensure fault tolerance under realistic noise. A high-quality foundational encoding allows future compilation…

Quantum error correction is a cornerstone of reliable quantum computing, with surface codes emerging as a prominent method for protecting quantum information. Surface codes are efficient for Clifford gates but require magic state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-13 Avimita Chatterjee , Archisman Ghosh , Swaroop Ghosh

The fragile nature of quantum information limits our ability to construct large quantities of quantum bits suitable for quantum computing. An important goal, therefore, is to minimize the amount of resources required to implement quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-04-11 Adam Paetznick , Austin G. Fowler

The surface code is a prominent topological error-correcting code exhibiting high fault-tolerance accuracy thresholds. Conventional schemes for error correction with the surface code place qubits on a planar grid and assume native CNOT…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-10-28 Rui Chao , Michael E. Beverland , Nicolas Delfosse , Jeongwan Haah

Practical quantum advantage is expected to depend on fault-tolerant quantum computing, although the architectural overhead needed to support fault tolerance is still extremely high. Prior FTQC designs generally emphasize either fast…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-24 Archisman Ghosh , Avimita Chatterjee , Swaroop Ghosh

Surface codes have emerged as promising candidates for quantum information processing. Building on the previous idea to realize the physical qubits of such systems in terms of Majorana bound states supported by topological semiconductor…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2016-02-12 L. A. Landau , S. Plugge , E. Sela , A. Altland , S. M. Albrecht , R. Egger

We estimate the resource requirements for the quantum simulation of the ground state energy of the one dimensional quantum transverse Ising model (TIM), based on the surface code implementation of a fault tolerant quantum computer. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-04-02 Hao You , Michael R. Geller , P. C. Stancil