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Natural language instructions are a powerful interface for editing the outputs of text-to-image diffusion models. However, several challenges need to be addressed: 1) underspecification (the need to model the implicit meaning of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Tuhin Chakrabarty , Kanishk Singh , Arkadiy Saakyan , Smaranda Muresan

The rapid developments of various machine learning models and their deployments in several applications has led to discussions around the importance of looking beyond the accuracies of these models. Fairness of such models is one such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Biswajit Rout , Ananya B. Sai , Arun Rajkumar

Natural language explanations of deep neural network decisions provide an intuitive way for a AI agent to articulate a reasoning process. Current textual explanations learn to discuss class discriminative features in an image. However, it…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-06-27 Lisa Anne Hendricks , Ronghang Hu , Trevor Darrell , Zeynep Akata

Text-to-image diffusion models have achieved widespread popularity due to their unprecedented image generation capability. In particular, their ability to synthesize and modify human faces has spurred research into using generated face…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-22 Harrison Rosenberg , Shimaa Ahmed , Guruprasad V Ramesh , Ramya Korlakai Vinayak , Kassem Fawaz

Studying the responses of large language models (LLMs) to loopholes presents a two-fold opportunity. First, it affords us a lens through which to examine ambiguity and pragmatics in LLMs, since exploiting a loophole requires identifying…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Jio Choi , Mohit Bansal , Elias Stengel-Eskin

Temporary syntactic ambiguities arise when the beginning of a sentence is compatible with multiple syntactic analyses. We inspect to which extent neural language models (LMs) exhibit uncertainty over such analyses when processing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-17 Laura Aina , Tal Linzen

Users often ask dialogue systems ambiguous questions that require clarification. We show that current language models rarely ask users to clarify ambiguous questions and instead provide incorrect answers. To address this, we introduce CLAM:…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Lorenz Kuhn , Yarin Gal , Sebastian Farquhar

The widespread adoption of large language and vision models in real-world applications has made urgent the need to address hallucinations -- instances where models produce incorrect or nonsensical outputs. These errors can propagate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Zhengyi Ho , Siyuan Liang , Dacheng Tao

Deep generative models have shown impressive results in text-to-image synthesis. However, current text-to-image models often generate images that are inadequately aligned with text prompts. We propose a fine-tuning method for aligning such…

In this work, we study a critical research problem regarding the trustworthiness of large language models (LLMs): how LLMs behave when encountering ambiguous narrative text, with a particular focus on Chinese textual ambiguity. We created a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Xinwei Wu , Haojie Li , Hongyu Liu , Xinyu Ji , Ruohan Li , Yule Chen , Yigeng Zhang

An overarching goal of natural language processing is to enable machines to communicate seamlessly with humans. However, natural language can be ambiguous or unclear. In cases of uncertainty, humans engage in an interactive process known as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-20 Julia White , Gabriel Poesia , Robert Hawkins , Dorsa Sadigh , Noah Goodman

Large Language Models (LLMs) are intended to reflect human linguistic competencies. But humans have access to a broad and embodied context, which is key in detecting and resolving linguistic ambiguities, even in isolated text spans. A…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Amber Shore , Russell Scheinberg , Ameeta Agrawal , So Young Lee

In this paper, we present an empirical study introducing a nuanced evaluation framework for text-to-image (T2I) generative models, applied to human image synthesis. Our framework categorizes evaluations into two distinct groups: first,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Muxi Chen , Yi Liu , Jian Yi , Changran Xu , Qiuxia Lai , Hongliang Wang , Tsung-Yi Ho , Qiang Xu

Ambiguity in natural language is a significant obstacle for achieving accurate text to structured data mapping through large language models (LLMs), which affects the performance of tasks such as mapping text to agentic tool calling and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Zhibo Hu , Chen Wang , Yanfeng Shu , Hye-Young Paik , Liming Zhu

The impressive capacity shown by recent text-to-image diffusion models to generate high-quality pictures from textual input prompts has leveraged the debate about the very definition of art. Nonetheless, these models have been trained using…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-20 Ricardo Kleinlein , Cristina Luna-Jiménez , Fernando Fernández-Martínez

Current image generation systems produce high-quality images but struggle with ambiguous user prompts, making interpretation of actual user intentions difficult. Many users must modify their prompts several times to ensure the generated…

Personalized image generation via text prompts has great potential to improve daily life and professional work by facilitating the creation of customized visual content. The aim of image personalization is to create images based on a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Mingxiao Li , Tingyu Qu , Tinne Tuytelaars , Marie-Francine Moens

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence systems has brought the challenge of AI alignment to the forefront of research, particularly in complex decision-making and task execution. As these systems surpass human-level performance in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-12 Mehrdad Zakershahrak , Samira Ghodratnama

Ambiguity remains a fundamental challenge in Natural Language Processing (NLP) due to the inherent complexity and flexibility of human language. With the advent of Large Language Models (LLMs), addressing ambiguity has become even more…

Image captioning, which generates natural language descriptions of the visual information in an image, is a crucial task in vision-language research. Previous models have typically addressed this task by aligning the generative capabilities…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-02 Qian Cao , Xu Chen , Ruihua Song , Xiting Wang , Xinting Huang , Yuchen Ren