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Phantoms are test objects used for initial testing and optimization of medical imaging techniques, but these rarely capture the complex properties of the tissue. Here we introduce super phantoms, that surpass standard phantoms being able to…
In this manuscript, an effort is made in this review to address different state-of-the-art artificial tissue emulating (ATE) materials and phantom types for various operating frequencies, and fabrication procedures in order to have a better…
We envision the "virtual eye" as a next-generation, AI-powered platform that uses interconnected foundation models to simulate the eye's intricate structure and biological function across all scales. Advances in AI, imaging, and multiomics…
The unique vascularized anatomy of the human eye, encased in the retina, provides an opportunity to act as a window for human health. The retinal structure assists in assessing the early detection, monitoring of disease progression and…
Implementing accurate models of the retina is a challenging task, particularly in the context of creating visual prosthetics and devices. Notwithstanding the presence of diverse artificial renditions of the retina, the imperative task…
Augmented reality display performance depends strongly on features of the human visual system. This is especially true for retinal scan glasses, which use laser beam scanning and transparent holographic optical combiners. Human-centered…
Fluorescence microscopy, widely used in the study of living cells, tissues, and organisms, often faces the challenge of photodamage. This is primarily caused by the interaction between light and biochemical components during the imaging…
The evaluation and monitoring of cells health in the human retina is crucial and follow time course of retinal diseases, detect lesions before irreversible visual loss and to evaluate treatment effects. Towards this goal, a major challenge…
Retinal image-based eye tracking is widely used in ophthalmic imaging and vision science, and is a promising path to deliver higher gaze accuracy than the pupil- and cornea-based approaches commonly used in modern AR/VR devices.…
In this paper, we analyze some of our real-world deployment of face recognition (FR) systems for various applications and discuss the gaps between expectations of the user and what the system can deliver. We evaluate some of our proposed…
Effective and accurate in-vivo diagnosis of retinal pathologies requires high performance imaging devices, combining a large field of view and the ability to discriminate the ballistic signal from the diffuse background in order to provide…
Retinal fundus images are widely used for the clinical screening and diagnosis of eye diseases. However, fundus images captured by operators with various levels of experience have a large variation in quality. Low-quality fundus images…
Artificial visual attention systems aim to support technical systems in visual tasks by applying the concepts of selective attention observed in humans and other animals. Such systems are typically evaluated against ground truth obtained…
This paper assumes the hypothesis that human learning is perception based, and consequently, the learning process and perceptions should not be represented and investigated independently or modeled in different simulation spaces. In order…
The first choice in diagnostic imaging for patients suffering from peripheral arterial disease is 2D ultrasound (US). However, for a proper imaging process, a skilled and experienced sonographer is required. Additionally, it is a highly…
Significance: Optical imaging of blood oxygenation (sO$_2$) can be achieved based on the differential absorption spectra of oxy- and deoxy-haemoglobin. A key challenge in realising clinical validation of the sO$_2$ biomarkers is the absence…
We describe the effect of optical aberrations on fluorescence fluctuations microscopy (FFM), when focusing through a single living cell. FFM measurements are performed in an aqueous fluorescent solution and prove to be a highly sensitive…
In our invited talk at the AI Evaluation Workshop of the University of Bristol back in June 2022 we argued that, despite claims about successful modeling of the visual brain using ANNs, the problem is far from being solved (even for…
An atom in open space can be detected by means of resonant absorption and reemission of electromagnetic waves, known as resonance fluorescence, which is a fundamental phenomenon of quantum optics. We report on the observation of scattering…
Foundation models (FMs), large neural networks pretrained on extensive and diverse datasets, have revolutionized artificial intelligence and shown significant promise in medical imaging by enabling robust performance with limited labeled…