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Anomaly detection from a single image is challenging since anomaly data is always rare and can be with highly unpredictable types. With only anomaly-free data available, most existing methods train an AutoEncoder to reconstruct the input…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-23 Yunfei Liu , Chaoqun Zhuang , Feng Lu

Automatic detecting anomalous regions in images of objects or textures without priors of the anomalies is challenging, especially when the anomalies appear in very small areas of the images, making difficult-to-detect visual variations,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-05 Jie Yang , Yong Shi , Zhiquan Qi

In this paper, we introduce the novel state-of-the-art Dual-attention Transformer and Discriminative Flow (DADF) framework for visual anomaly detection. Based on only normal knowledge, visual anomaly detection has wide applications in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-03 Haiming Yao , Wei Luo , Wenyong Yu

Unsupervised anomaly detection (UAD) from images strives to model normal data distributions, creating discriminative representations to distinguish and precisely localize anomalies. Despite recent advancements in the efficient and unified…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Wenxin Ma , Qingsong Yao , Xiang Zhang , Zhelong Huang , Zihang Jiang , S. Kevin Zhou

Unsupervised anomaly detection (UAD) aims to identify image- and pixel-level anomalies using only normal training data, with wide applications such as industrial inspection and medical analysis, where anomalies are scarce due to privacy…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Zhe Zhang , Mingxiu Cai , Gaochang Wu , Jing Zhang , Lingqiao Liu , Dacheng Tao , Tianyou Chai , Xiatian Zhu

Unsupervised video object segmentation (UVOS) aims at detecting the primary objects in a given video sequence without any human interposing. Most existing methods rely on two-stream architectures that separately encode the appearance and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-01 Lingyi Hong , Wei Zhang , Shuyong Gao , Hong Lu , WenQiang Zhang

This paper presents a fast and principled approach for solving the visual anomaly detection and segmentation problem. In this setup, we have access to only anomaly-free training data and want to detect and identify anomalies of an arbitrary…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-24 Ibrahima Ndiour , Nilesh Ahuja , Utku Genc , Omesh Tickoo

The task of detecting anomalous data patterns is as important in practical applications as challenging. In the context of spatial data, recognition of unexpected trajectories brings additional difficulties, such as high dimensionality and…

Advances in the image-based diagnostics of complex biological and manufacturing processes have brought unsupervised image segmentation to the forefront of enabling automated, on the fly decision making. However, most existing unsupervised…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-07-02 Ashif Sikandar Iquebal , Satish Bukkapatnam

Unsupervised anomaly detection (UAD) in brain imaging is crucial for identifying pathologies without the need for labeled data. However, accurately localizing anomalies remains challenging due to the intricate structure of brain anatomy and…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-06 Farzad Beizaee , Sina Hajimiri , Ismail Ben Ayed , Gregory Lodygensky , Christian Desrosiers , Jose Dolz

Real-world deployment of reliable object detectors is crucial for applications such as autonomous driving. However, general-purpose object detectors like Faster R-CNN are prone to providing overconfident predictions for outlier objects.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Nishant Kumar , Siniša Šegvić , Abouzar Eslami , Stefan Gumhold

Video anomaly detection is an ill-posed problem because it relies on many parameters such as appearance, pose, camera angle, background, and more. We distill the problem to anomaly detection of human pose, thus decreasing the risk of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-17 Or Hirschorn , Shai Avidan

We demonstrate how to explore phase diagrams with automated and unsupervised machine learning to find regions of interest for possible new phases. In contrast to supervised learning, where data is classified using predetermined labels, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-19 Korbinian Kottmann , Patrick Huembeli , Maciej Lewenstein , Antonio Acin

Anomaly segmentation is an essential capability for safety-critical robotics applications that must be aware of unexpected events. Normalizing flows (NFs), a class of generative models, are a promising approach for this task due to their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Chang Won Lee , Selina Leveugle , Svetlana Stolpner , Chris Langley , Paul Grouchy , Jonathan Kelly , Steven L. Waslander

Many anomaly detection approaches, especially deep learning methods, have been recently developed to identify abnormal image morphology by only employing normal images during training. Unfortunately, many prior anomaly detection methods…

Graph-level anomaly detection has become a critical topic in diverse areas, such as financial fraud detection and detecting anomalous activities in social networks. While most research has focused on anomaly detection for visual data such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-05 Chen Qiu , Marius Kloft , Stephan Mandt , Maja Rudolph

The goal of unsupervised anomaly segmentation (UAS) is to detect the pixel-level anomalies unseen during training. It is a promising field in the medical imaging community, e.g, we can use the model trained with only healthy data to segment…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-03-17 Chenxin Li , Yunlong Zhang , Jiongcheng Li , Yue Huang , Xinghao Ding

In this paper, we introduce a novel task termed unified anomaly detection and classification, which aims to simultaneously detect anomalous regions in images and identify their specific categories. Existing methods typically treat anomaly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Ximiao Zhang , Min Xu , Zheng Zhang , Junlin Hu , Xiuzhuang Zhou

Anomaly detection consists in identifying, within a dataset, those samples that significantly differ from the majority of the data, representing the normal class. It has many practical applications, e.g. ranging from defective product…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-11-13 Pankaj Mishra , Claudio Piciarelli , Gian Luca Foresti

Accuracy anomaly detection in user-level network traffic is crucial for network security. Compared with existing models that passively detect specific anomaly classes with large labeled training samples, user-level network traffic contains…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-16 Tongtong Feng , Qi Qi , Lingqi Guo , Jingyu Wang