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Learning semantic segmentation models under image-level supervision is far more challenging than under fully supervised setting. Without knowing the exact pixel-label correspondence, most weakly-supervised methods rely on external models to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-10-17 Zi-Yi Ke , Chiou-Ting Hsu

In this paper, we show that recent advances in self-supervised feature learning enable unsupervised object discovery and semantic segmentation with a performance that matches the state of the field on supervised semantic segmentation 10…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-02 Andrii Zadaianchuk , Matthaeus Kleindessner , Yi Zhu , Francesco Locatello , Thomas Brox

Despite the remarkable progress, weakly supervised segmentation approaches are still inferior to their fully supervised counterparts. We obverse the performance gap mainly comes from their limitation on learning to produce high-quality…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-05-29 Yunchao Wei , Huaxin Xiao , Honghui Shi , Zequn Jie , Jiashi Feng , Thomas S. Huang

In this work, we investigate performing semantic segmentation solely through the training on image-sentence pairs. Due to the lack of dense annotations, existing text-supervised methods can only learn to group an image into semantic regions…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Yabo Zhang , Zihao Wang , Jun Hao Liew , Jingjia Huang , Manyu Zhu , Jiashi Feng , Wangmeng Zuo

The image-level label has prevailed in weakly supervised semantic segmentation tasks due to its easy availability. Since image-level labels can only indicate the existence or absence of specific categories of objects, visualization-based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Tao Chen , Yazhou Yao , Xingguo Huang , Zechao Li , Liqiang Nie , Jinhui Tang

Optical character recognition (OCR) is a widely used pattern recognition application in numerous domains. There are several feature-rich, general-purpose OCR solutions available for consumers, which can provide moderate to excellent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-18 Ayantha Randika , Nilanjan Ray , Xiao Xiao , Allegra Latimer

In this paper, we consider the problem of open-vocabulary semantic segmentation (OVS), which aims to segment objects of arbitrary classes instead of pre-defined, closed-set categories. The main contributions are as follows: First, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-06 Jilan Xu , Junlin Hou , Yuejie Zhang , Rui Feng , Yi Wang , Yu Qiao , Weidi Xie

Training object detectors with only image-level annotations is very challenging because the target objects are often surrounded by a large number of background clutters. Many existing approaches tackle this problem through object proposal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-08-08 Wenhui Jiang , Thuyen Ngo , B. S. Manjunath , Zhicheng Zhao , Fei Su

We present a novel confidence refinement scheme that enhances pseudo labels in semi-supervised semantic segmentation. Unlike existing methods, which filter pixels with low-confidence predictions in isolation, our approach leverages the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Moshe Kimhi , Shai Kimhi , Evgenii Zheltonozhskii , Or Litany , Chaim Baskin

Weakly Supervised Semantic Segmentation (WSSS) with image-level labels has gained attention for its cost-effectiveness. Most existing methods emphasize inter-class separation, often neglecting the shared semantics among related categories…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Wangyu Wu , Zhenhong Chen , Xiaowen Ma , Wenqiao Zhang , Xianglin Qiu , Siqi Song , Xiaowei Huang , Fei Ma , Jimin Xiao

Training a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for semantic segmentation typically requires to collect a large amount of accurate pixel-level annotations, a hard and expensive task. In contrast, simple image tags are easier to gather. With…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-02-25 Carolina Redondo-Cabrera , Marcos Baptista-Ríos , Roberto J. López-Sastre

Weakly supervised segmentation has the potential to greatly reduce the annotation effort for training segmentation models for small structures such as hyper-reflective foci (HRF) in optical coherence tomography (OCT). However, most weakly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Olivier Morelle , Justus Bisten , Maximilian W. M. Wintergerst , Robert P. Finger , Thomas Schultz

Weakly supervised semantic segmentation with only image-level labels aims to reduce annotation costs for the segmentation task. Existing approaches generally leverage class activation maps (CAMs) to locate the object regions for pseudo…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Tao Chen , Yazhou Yao , Lei Zhang , Qiong Wang , Guo-Sen Xie , Fumin Shen

Accurate segmentation of Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) images is crucial for diagnosing and monitoring retinal diseases. However, the labor-intensive nature of pixel-level annotation limits the scalability of supervised learning for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Jiaqi Yang , Nitish Mehta , Xiaoling Hu , Chao Chen , Chia-Ling Tsai

Weakly supervised semantic segmentation (WSSS) trains dense pixel-level segmentation models from partial or coarse annotations such as bounding boxes, scribbles, or image-level tags. While recent work leverages foundation models such as the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Stefano Colamonaco , Andrei-Bogdan Florea , Jaron Maene

Weakly supervised semantic segmentation receives much research attention since it alleviates the need to obtain a large amount of dense pixel-wise ground-truth annotations for the training images. Compared with other forms of weak…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-03-08 Tianyi Zhang , Guosheng Lin , Jianfei Cai , Tong Shen , Chunhua Shen , Alex C. Kot

We present a systematic benchmark of out-of-distribution (OOD) detection CSFs through a representation-centric lens. Our study spans CNN and ViT backbones, multiple training paradigms, four image-classification source datasets (CIFAR-10,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Claudio César Claros Olivares , Austin J. Brockmeier

Weakly supervised semantic segmentation produces a pixel-level localization from a classifier, but it is likely to restrict its focus to a small discriminative region of the target object. AdvCAM is an attribution map of an image that is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-17 Jungbeom Lee , Eunji Kim , Sungroh Yoon

Learning semantic segmentation from weakly-labeled (e.g., image tags only) data is challenging since it is hard to infer dense object regions from sparse semantic tags. Despite being broadly studied, most current efforts directly learn from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-24 Tianfei Zhou , Meijie Zhang , Fang Zhao , Jianwu Li

Supervised object detection and semantic segmentation require object or even pixel level annotations. When there exist image level labels only, it is challenging for weakly supervised algorithms to achieve accurate predictions. The accuracy…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-03-06 Weifeng Ge , Sibei Yang , Yizhou Yu