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Abstractive summarization using large language models (LLMs) has become an essential tool for condensing information. However, despite their ability to generate fluent summaries, these models sometimes produce unfaithful summaries,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Sicong Huang , Qianqi Yan , Shengze Wang , Ian Lane

In the realm of medical report generation (MRG), the integration of natural language processing has emerged as a vital tool to alleviate the workload of radiologists. Despite the impressive capabilities demonstrated by large vision language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Ruoqing Zhao , Runze Xia , Piji Li

Generative super-resolution (GSR) currently sets the state-of-the-art in terms of perceptual image quality, overcoming the "regression-to-the-mean" blur of prior non-generative models. However, from a human perspective, such models do not…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Weiming Ren , Raghav Goyal , Zhiming Hu , Tristan Ty Aumentado-Armstrong , Iqbal Mohomed , Alex Levinshtein

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in high-stakes domains, detecting hallucinated content$\unicode{x2013}$text that is not grounded in supporting evidence$\unicode{x2013}$has become a critical challenge. Existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Deanna Emery , Michael Goitia , Freddie Vargus , Iulia Neagu

Synthetically created Cross-Lingual Summarisation (CLS) datasets are prone to include document-summary pairs where the reference summary is unfaithful to the corresponding document as it contains content not supported by the document (i.e.,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-02 Huajian Zhang , Laura Perez-Beltrachini

With the rapid development of large language models (LLMs), LLM-as-a-judge has emerged as a widely adopted approach for text quality evaluation, including hallucination evaluation. While previous studies have focused exclusively on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Siya Qi , Rui Cao , Yulan He , Zheng Yuan

Neural abstractive summarization models are able to generate summaries which have high overlap with human references. However, existing models are not optimized for factual correctness, a critical metric in real-world applications. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-29 Yuhao Zhang , Derek Merck , Emily Bao Tsai , Christopher D. Manning , Curtis P. Langlotz

Hallucinations in text generation occur when the system produces text that is not grounded in the input. In this work, we tackle the problem of hallucinations in neural chart summarization. Our analysis shows that the target side of chart…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-11 Saad Obaid ul Islam , Iza Škrjanec , Ondřej Dušek , Vera Demberg

We explore the need for more comprehensive and precise evaluation techniques for generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) in text summarization tasks, specifically in the area of opinion summarization. Traditional methods, which leverage…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Leandro Anghinoni , Jorge Sanchez

Reliable evaluation of large language model (LLM)-generated summaries remains an open challenge, particularly across heterogeneous domains and document lengths. We conduct a comprehensive meta-evaluation of 14 automatic summarization…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Huyen Nguyen , Haoxuan Zhang , Yang Zhang , Junhua Ding , Haihua Chen

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in generating user summaries from a long list of raw user activity data. These summaries capture essential user information such as preferences and interests, and therefore are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-09 Chao Wang , Neo Wu , Lin Ning , Jiaxing Wu , Luyang Liu , Jun Xie , Shawn O'Banion , Bradley Green

Large language models (LLMs) have shown promise on summarization tasks, but they often produce hallucinations, which are unsupported or incorrect statements that limit their reliability in specialized healthcare applications. We introduce…

Hallucination, or the generation of incorrect or fabricated information, remains a critical challenge in large language models (LLMs), particularly in high-stake domains such as legal question answering (QA). In order to mitigate the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Yinghao Hu , Leilei Gan , Wenyi Xiao , Kun Kuang , Fei Wu

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used to generate summaries of software bug reports, including sections such as Steps-to-Reproduce (S2R), Actual Behavior (AB), and Expected Behavior (EB). However, these models frequently…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Hinduja Nirujan , Shreyas Patil , Abdallah Ayoub , Ahmad Abdel Latif , Gouri Ginde

Large language models (LLMs) can be prone to hallucinations - generating unreliable outputs that are unfaithful to their inputs, external facts or internally inconsistent. In this work, we address several challenges for post-hoc…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Simon Valentin , Jinmiao Fu , Gianluca Detommaso , Shaoyuan Xu , Giovanni Zappella , Bryan Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown propensity to generate hallucinated outputs, i.e., texts that are factually incorrect or unsupported. Existing methods for alleviating hallucinations typically require costly human annotations to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Yu Xia , Xu Liu , Tong Yu , Sungchul Kim , Ryan A. Rossi , Anup Rao , Tung Mai , Shuai Li

As large language models (LLMs) evolve from conversational assistants into agents capable of handling complex tasks, they are increasingly deployed in high-risk domains. However, existing benchmarks largely rely on mixed queries and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Yuhe Wu , Guangyu Wang , Yuran Chen , Jiatong Zhang , Yutong Zhang , Yujie Chen , Jiaming Shang , Guang Zhang , Zhuang Liu

This paper proposes NOrmed Index of Retention (NOIR), a quantitative objective metric for evaluating summarization quality of arbitrary texts that relies on both the retention of semantic meaning and the summary length compression. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Andrew D. Foland

Abstractive summarization systems leveraging pre-training language models have achieved superior results on benchmark datasets. However, such models have been shown to be more prone to hallucinate facts that are unfaithful to the input…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-07 Haopeng Zhang , Semih Yavuz , Wojciech Kryscinski , Kazuma Hashimoto , Yingbo Zhou

Due to the exponential growth of information and the need for efficient information consumption the task of summarization has gained paramount importance. Evaluating summarization accurately and objectively presents significant challenges,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Dong Yuan , Eti Rastogi , Fen Zhao , Sagar Goyal , Gautam Naik , Sree Prasanna Rajagopal