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Related papers: Variation-based Cause Effect Identification

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Causal discovery and causal reasoning are classically treated as separate and consecutive tasks: one first infers the causal graph, and then uses it to estimate causal effects of interventions. However, such a two-stage approach is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Christian Toth , Lars Lorch , Christian Knoll , Andreas Krause , Franz Pernkopf , Robert Peharz , Julius von Kügelgen

Causal effect identification considers whether an interventional probability distribution can be uniquely determined from a passively observed distribution in a given causal structure. If the generating system induces context-specific…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Santtu Tikka , Antti Hyttinen , Juha Karvanen

Bivariate causal direction identification is a fundamental and vital problem in the causal inference field. Among binary causal methods, most methods based on additive noise only use one single causal mechanism to construct a causal model.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Saixiong Liu , Yuhua Qian , Jue Li , Honghong Cheng , Feijiang Li

Causal inference from observational data following the restricted structural causal model (SCM) framework hinges largely on the asymmetry between cause and effect from the data generating mechanisms, such as non-Gaussianity or nonlinearity.…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-09-06 Kang Du , Yu Xiang

Causal inference from observational data following the restricted structural causal models (SCM) framework hinges largely on the asymmetry between cause and effect from the data generating mechanisms, such as non-Gaussianity or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Kang Du , Yu Xiang

Quantile Partial Effect (QPE) is a statistic associated with conditional quantile regression, measuring the effect of covariates at different levels. Our theory demonstrates that when the QPE of cause on effect is assumed to lie in a finite…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Yikang Chen , Xingzhe Sun , Dehui Du

We address the problem of distinguishing cause from effect in bivariate setting. Based on recent developments in nonlinear independent component analysis (ICA), we train nonparametrically general nonlinear causal models that allow…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-01-19 Pengzhou Wu , Kenji Fukumizu

Inferring causal structures from experimentation is a central task in many domains. For example, in biology, recent advances allow us to obtain single-cell expression data under multiple interventions such as drugs or gene knockouts.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-24 Alexander Hägele , Jonas Rothfuss , Lars Lorch , Vignesh Ram Somnath , Bernhard Schölkopf , Andreas Krause

Bridging the gap between internal and external validity is crucial for heterogeneous treatment effect estimation. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs), favoured for their internal validity due to randomisation, often encounter challenges in…

Information Geometric Causal Inference (IGCI) is a new approach to distinguish between cause and effect for two variables. It is based on an independence assumption between input distribution and causal mechanism that can be phrased in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-02-12 Dominik Janzing , Bastian Steudel , Naji Shajarisales , Bernhard Schölkopf

In the univariate case, we show that by comparing the individual complexities of univariate cause and effect, one can identify the cause and the effect, without considering their interaction at all. In our framework, complexities are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-25 Tomer Galanti , Ofir Nabati , Lior Wolf

Much of the causal discovery literature prioritises guaranteeing the identifiability of causal direction in statistical models. For structures within a Markov equivalence class, this requires strong assumptions which may not hold in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-05-29 Anish Dhir , Samuel Power , Mark van der Wilk

Disentangled representation learning aims to learn low-dimensional representations where each dimension corresponds to an underlying generative factor. While the Variational Auto-Encoder (VAE) is widely used for this purpose, most existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Di Fan , Yannian Kou , Chuanhou Gao

Causal discovery methods seek to identify causal relations between random variables from purely observational data, as opposed to actively collected experimental data where an experimenter intervenes on a subset of correlates. One of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-08 Samir Wadhwa , Roy Dong

Causal discovery uncovers complex relationships between variables, enhancing predictions, decision-making, and insights into real-world systems, especially in nonlinear multivariate time series. However, most existing methods primarily…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Wasim Ahmad , Joachim Denzler , Maha Shadaydeh

Many frameworks exist to infer cause and effect relations in complex nonlinear systems but a complete theory is lacking. A new framework is presented that is fully nonlinear, provides a complete information theoretic disentanglement of…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-01-12 Peter Jan van Leeuwen , Michael DeCaria , Nachiketa Chakaborty , Manuel Pulido

Learning causal relationships among a set of variables, as encoded by a directed acyclic graph, from observational data is complicated by the presence of unobserved confounders. Instrumental variables (IVs) are a popular remedy for this…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-04-17 Jing Zou , Wei Li , Wei Lin

Adjusting for covariates is a well established method to estimate the total causal effect of an exposure variable on an outcome of interest. Depending on the causal structure of the mechanism under study there may be different adjustment…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-04-27 Jack Kuipers , Giusi Moffa

Learning causal structure from observational data is a fundamental challenge in machine learning. However, the majority of commonly used differentiable causal discovery methods are non-identifiable, turning this problem into a continuous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-30 Yu Wang , An Zhang , Xiang Wang , Yancheng Yuan , Xiangnan He , Tat-Seng Chua

The recently proposed identifiable variational autoencoder (iVAE) framework provides a promising approach for learning latent independent components (ICs). iVAEs use auxiliary covariates to build an identifiable generation structure from…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-10-17 Young-geun Kim , Ying Liu , Xuexin Wei