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Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are promising cosmological probes for exploring the Universe at intermediate redshifts ($z$). We analyze 151 Fermi-observed long GRBs (datasets A123 and A28) to simultaneously constrain the Amati correlation and…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-02 Shulei Cao , Bharat Ratra

We use model-independent luminosity distances of 186 HII galaxy observations to address the circularity problem in the Amati relation for Gamma-ray Bursts (GRBs). For this purpose, we used Artificial Neural Network based interpolation to…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-11-11 Rikiya Okazaki , Shantanu Desai

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) can be probes of the early universe, but currently, only 26% of GRBs observed by the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory GRBs have known redshifts ($z$) due to observational limitations. To address this, we estimated the…

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are intense, short-lived bursts of gamma-ray radiation observed up to a high redshift ($z \sim 10$) due to their luminosities. Thus, they can serve as cosmological tools to probe the early Universe. However, we need…

In recent years there has been considerable activity in using gamma-ray bursts as cosmological probes for determining global cosmological parameters complementing results from type Ia supernovae and other methods. This requires a…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2009-09-29 Vahe Petrosian , Aurelien Bouvier , Felix Ryde

Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) are the most violent explosions in the Universe. Long duration GRBs are associated with the collapse of massive stars, rivaling their host galaxies in luminosity. The discovery of the most distant spectroscopically…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-19 S. Campana , R. Salvaterra , G. Tagliaferri , C. Kouveliotou , J. Grindlay

Identification of gravitationally lensed Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs) in the BATSE 4B catalog can be used to constrain the average redshift $ < z >$ of the GRBs. In this paper we investigate the effect of evolving lenses on the $< z >$ of GRBs…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 Deepak Jain , N. Panchapakesan , S. Mahajan , V. B. Bhatia

The gamma-ray burst (GRB) rate is essential for revealing the connection between GRBs, supernovae and stellar evolution. Additionally, the GRB rate at high redshift provides a strong probe of star formation history in the early universe.…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-03-25 Amy Lien , Takanori Sakamoto , Neil Gehrels , David M. Palmer , Scott D. Barthelmy , Carlo Graziani , John K. Cannizzo

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are among the most luminous explosions in the Universe and serve as powerful probes of the early cosmos. However, the rapid fading of their afterglows and the scarcity of spectroscopic measurements make photometric…

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) offer a powerful probe of the cosmic expansion history far beyond the redshift range accessible to Type Ia supernovae. However, the study of cosmological models using GRBs is hindered by the circularity problem,…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-11 Nilanjana Bagchi Aurpa , Abha Dev Habib , Nisha Rani

Long Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) are the brightest electromagnetic explosions in the Universe, associated to the death of massive stars. As such, GRBs are potential tracers of the evolution of the cosmic massive star formation, metallicity, and…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-02-01 V. Avila-Reese , C. Firmani , G. Ghisellini , J. I. Cabrera

The redshift where the first stars formed is an important and unknown milestone in cosmological structure formation. The evidence linking gamma ray bursts (GRBs) with star formation activity implies that the first GRBs occurred shortly…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 James E. Rhoads

We exploit the 14 gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) with known redshifts $z$ and the 7 GRBs for which there are constraints on $z$ to determine the GRB rate $R_{\rm GRB}(z)$, using a method based on Bayesian inference. We find that, despite the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 Nevin Weinberg , Carlo Graziani , Donald Q. Lamb

Context. Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), observed at redshifts as high as 9.4, could serve as valuable probes for investigating the distant Universe. However, this necessitates an increase in the number of GRBs with determined redshifts, as…

Starting from the Swift sample we define a complete sub-sample of 58 bright long Gamma Ray Bursts (GRB), 55 of them (95%) with a redshift determination, in order to characterize their properties. Our sample (BAT6) allows us to study the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2013-09-11 R. Salvaterra , S. Campana , S. Covino , P. D'Avanzo , G. Ghirlanda , G. Ghisellini , A. Melandi , G. Tagliaferri , L. Nava , S. Vergani

We predict the redshift distribution of Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) assuming that they trace the cosmic star formation history. We find that a fraction >~50% of all GRBs on the sky originate at a redshift z >~5, even though the fraction of the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-07-19 Volker Bromm , Abraham Loeb

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are detectable out to very large distances and as such are potentially powerful cosmological probes. Historically, the angular distribution of GRBs provided important information about their origin and physical…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-11-11 T. N. Ukwatta , P. R. Wozniak

Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs) visible up to very high redshift have become attractive targets as potential new distance indicators. It is still not clear whether the relations proposed so far originate from an unknown GRB physics or result from…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-02-24 Maria Giovanna Dainotti , Roberta Del Vecchio , Shigehiro Nagataki , Salvatore Capozziello

Several hundred gamma-ray burst (GRB) redshifts have been determined to date. One of the other important properties-besides the distance-of the GRBs is the duration of the burst. In this paper, we analyse these two important quantities of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-06-30 I. Horvath , I. I. Racz , Z. Bagoly , L. G. Balazs , S. Pinter

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are believed to belong to two classes and they are conventionally divided according to their durations. This classification scheme is not satisfied due to the fact that duration distributions of the two classes are…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-17 Yi-Ping Qin , Zhi-Fu Chen