Related papers: Massive star cluster origin for the galactic cosmi…

Star clusters in the gamma-ray sky

Massive Star Clusters (SCs) have been proposed as additional contributors to Galactic Cosmic rays (CRs), to overcome the limitations of supernova remnants (SNRs) to reach the highest energy end of the CR spectrum. Thanks to fast mass losses…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-11-17 Giada Peron

Massive Star Clusters as sources of high-energy gamma radiation

This paper investigates the contribution of massive star clusters (MSC) as sources of high-energy gamma rays and their impact on the ultra-high-energy (UHE) emission observed throughout the Galaxy. By modeling proton injection, the study…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-12-29 Luana N. Padilha , Rita C. Anjos

Supernova remnants in super bubbles as cosmic ray accelerators

Supernova remnants (SNRs) are often considered as the main sites of acceleration of cosmic rays in our Galaxy, possibly up to the knee. However, their ability to accelerate particles to reach PeV energies is questionable and lacks…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-08-06 Iurii Sushch , Pasquale Blasi , Robert Brose

Massive star clusters in the gamma-ray sky: the role of HII regions

Massive Star Clusters (SCs) have been proposed as important CR sources, with the potential of explaining the high-energy end of the Galactic cosmic-ray (CR) spectrum, that Supernova Remnants (SNRs) seem unable to account for. Thanks to fast…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-01-23 Giada Peron , Giovanni Morlino , Stefano Gabici , Elena Amato

Supernovae in compact star clusters as sources of high-energy cosmic rays and neutrinos

We discuss a specific population of galactic PeVatrons which may be the main source of the galactic cosmic-ray (CR) component well above PeV energies. Supernovae in compact clusters of massive stars are proposed as powerful sources of CRs,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-10-31 A. M. Bykov , D. C. Ellison , P. E. Gladilin , S. M. Osipov

Ultra-high-energy $\gamma$-ray imprints from PeV particles accelerated by supernova remnants

The quest for the origin of cosmic ray (CRs) is a fundamental issue in astrophysics. Shocks of supernova remnants (SNRs) have been considered as the dominant contributors to Galactic CRs below the spectral knee near $\sim 3$…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-04-27 Zhen Cao , F. Aharonian , Y. X. Bai , Y. W. Bao , D. Bastieri , X. J. Bi , Y. J. Bi , W. Bian , J. Blunier , A. V. Bukevich , C. M. Cai , Y. Y. Cai , W. Y. Cao , Zhe Cao , J. Chang , J. F. Chang , E. S. Chen , G. H. Chen , H. K. Chen , L. F. Chen , Liang Chen , Long Chen , M. J. Chen , M. L. Chen , Q. H. Chen , S. Chen , S. H. Chen , S. Z. Chen , T. L. Chen , X. B. Chen , X. J. Chen , X. P. Chen , Y. Chen , N. Cheng , Q. Y. Cheng , Y. D. Cheng , M. Y. Cui , S. W. Cui , X. H. Cui , Y. D. Cui , B. Z. Dai , H. L. Dai , Z. G. Dai , Danzengluobu , Y. X. Diao , A. J. Dong , X. Q. Dong , K. K. Duan , J. H. Fan , Y. Z. Fan , J. Fang , J. H. Fang , K. Fang , C. F. Feng , H. Feng , L. Feng , S. H. Feng , X. T. Feng , Y. Feng , Y. L. Feng , S. Gabici , B. Gao , Q. Gao , W. Gao , W. K. Gao , M. M. Ge , T. T. Ge , L. S. Geng , G. Giacinti , G. H. Gong , Q. B. Gou , M. H. Gu , F. L. Guo , J. Guo , K. J. Guo , X. L. Guo , Y. Q. Guo , Y. Y. Guo , R. P. Han , O. A. Hannuksela , M. Hasan , H. H. He , H. N. He , J. Y. He , X. Y. He , Y. He , S. Hernández-Cadena , B. W. Hou , C. Hou , X. Hou , H. B. Hu , S. C. Hu , C. Huang , D. H. Huang , J. J. Huang , X. L. Huang , X. T. Huang , X. Y. Huang , Y. Huang , Y. Y. Huang , A. Inventar , X. L. Ji , H. Y. Jia , K. Jia , H. B. Jiang , K. Jiang , X. W. Jiang , Z. J. Jiang , M. Jin , S. Kaci , M. M. Kang , I. Karpikov , D. Khangulyan , D. Kuleshov , K. Kurinov , Cheng Li , Cong Li , D. Li , F. Li , H. B. Li , H. C. Li , Jian Li , Jie Li , K. Li , L. Li , R. L. Li , S. D. Li , T. Y. Li , W. L. Li , X. R. Li , Y. Li , Zhe Li , Zhuo Li , E. W. Liang , Y. F. Liang , S. J. Lin , B. Liu , C. Liu , D. Liu , D. B. Liu , H. Liu , J. Liu , J. L. Liu , J. R. Liu , M. Y. Liu , R. Y. Liu , S. M. Liu , W. Liu , X. Liu , Y. Liu , Y. Liu , Y. N. Liu , Y. Q. Lou , Q. Luo , Y. Luo , H. K. Lv , B. Q. Ma , L. L. Ma , X. H. Ma , I. O. Maliy , J. R. Mao , Z. Min , W. Mitthumsiri , Y. Mizuno , G. B. Mou , A. Neronov , K. C. Y. Ng , M. Y. Ni , L. Nie , L. J. Ou , Z. W. Ou , P. Pattarakijwanich , Z. Y. Pei , D. Y. Peng , J. C. Qi , M. Y. Qi , J. J. Qin , D. Qu , A. Raza , C. Y. Ren , D. Ruffolo , A. Sáiz , D. Savchenko , D. Semikoz , L. Shao , O. Shchegolev , Y. Z. Shen , X. D. Sheng , Z. D. Shi , F. W. Shu , H. C. Song , Yu. V. Stenkin , Y. Su , D. X. Sun , H. Sun , J. X. Sun , Q. N. Sun , X. N. Sun , Z. B. Sun , N. H. Tabasam , J. Takata , P. H. T. Tam , H. B. Tan , Q. W. Tang , R. Tang , Z. B. Tang , W. W. Tian , C. N. Tong , L. H. Wan , C. Wang , D. H. Wang , G. W. Wang , H. G. Wang , J. C. Wang , K. Wang , Kai Wang , Kai Wang , L. P. Wang , L. Y. Wang , L. Y. Wang , R. Wang , W. Wang , X. G. Wang , X. J. Wang , X. Y. Wang , Y. Wang , Y. D. Wang , Z. H. Wang , Z. X. Wang , Zheng Wang , D. M. Wei , J. J. Wei , Y. J. Wei , T. Wen , S. S. Weng , C. Y. Wu , H. R. Wu , Q. W. Wu , S. Wu , X. F. Wu , Y. S. Wu , S. Q. Xi , J. Xia , J. J. Xia , G. M. Xiang , D. X. Xiao , G. Xiao , Y. F. Xiao , Y. L. Xin , H. D. Xing , Y. Xing , D. R. Xiong , B. N. Xu , C. Y. Xu , D. L. Xu , R. F. Xu , R. X. Xu , S. S. Xu , W. L. Xu , L. Xue , D. H. Yan , T. Yan , C. W. Yang , C. Y. Yang , F. F. Yang , L. L. Yang , M. J. Yang , R. Z. Yang , W. X. Yang , Z. H. Yang , Z. G. Yao , X. A. Ye , L. Q. Yin , N. Yin , X. H. You , Z. Y. You , Q. Yuan , H. Yue , H. D. Zeng , T. X. Zeng , W. Zeng , X. T. Zeng , M. Zha , B. B. Zhang , B. T. Zhang , C. Zhang , H. Zhang , H. M. Zhang , H. Y. Zhang , J. L. Zhang , J. Y. Zhang , Li Zhang , P. F. Zhang , R. Zhang , S. R. Zhang , S. S. Zhang , S. Y. Zhang , W. Zhang , W. Y. Zhang , X. Zhang , X. P. Zhang , Yi Zhang , Yong Zhang , Z. P. Zhang , J. Zhao , L. Zhao , L. Z. Zhao , S. P. Zhao , X. H. Zhao , Z. H. Zhao , F. Zheng , T. C. Zheng , B. Zhou , H. Zhou , J. N. Zhou , M. Zhou , P. Zhou , R. Zhou , X. X. Zhou , X. X. Zhou , B. Y. Zhu , C. G. Zhu , F. R. Zhu , H. Zhu , K. J. Zhu , Y. C. Zou , X. Zuo , Y. Li

High-energy cosmic rays from compact galactic star clusters: particle fluxes and anisotropy

It has been shown that supernova blast waves interacting with winds from massive stars in compact star clusters may be capable of producing cosmic-ray (CR) protons to above $10^{17}$ eV. We give a brief description of the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-12-13 A. M. Bykov , M. E. Kalyashova , D. C. Ellison , S. M. Osipov

Population study of Galactic supernova remnants at very high $\gamma$-ray energies with H.E.S.S.

Shell-type supernova remnants (SNRs) are considered prime candidates for the acceleration of Galactic cosmic rays (CRs) up to the knee of the CR spectrum at $\mathrm{E} \approx \mathrm{3}\times \mathrm{10}^\mathrm{15}$ eV. Our Milky Way…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-04-25 H. E. S. S. Collaboration , : , H. Abdalla , A. Abramowski , F. Aharonian , F. Ait Benkhali , E. O. Angüner , M. Arakawa , M. Arrieta , P. Aubert , M. Backes , A. Balzer , M. Barnard , Y. Becherini , J. Becker Tjus , D. Berge , S. Bernhard , K. Bernlöhr , R. Blackwell , M. Böttcher , C. Boisson , J. Bolmont , S. Bonnefoy , P. Bordas , J. Bregeon , F. Brun , P. Brun , M. Bryan , M. Büchele , T. Bulik , M. Capasso , S. Caroff , A. Carosi , S. Casanova , M. Cerruti , N. Chakraborty , R. C. G. Chaves , A. Chen , J. Chevalier , S. Colafrancesco , B. Condon , J. Conrad , I. D. Davids , J. Decock , C. Deil , J. Devin , P. deWilt , L. Dirson , A. Djannati-Ataï , A. Donath , L. O'C. Drury , K. Dutson , J. Dyks , T. Edwards , K. Egberts , G. Emery , J. -P. Ernenwein , S. Eschbach , C. Farnier , S. Fegan , M. V. Fernandes , D. Fernandez , A. Fiasson , G. Fontaine , S. Funk , M. Füßling , S. Gabici , Y. A. Gallant , T. Garrigoux , F. Gaté , G. Giavitto , B. Giebels , D. Glawion , J. F. Glicenstein , D. Gottschall , M. -H. Grondin , J. Hahn , M. Haupt , J. Hawkes , G. Heinzelmann , G. Henri , G. Hermann , J. A. Hinton , W. Hofmann , C. Hoischen , T. L. Holch , M. Holler , D. Horns , A. Ivascenko , H. Iwasaki , A. Jacholkowska , M. Jamrozy , D. Jankowsky , F. Jankowsky , M. Jingo , L. Jouvin , I. Jung-Richardt , M. A. Kastendieck , K. Katarzyński , M. Katsuragawa , U. Katz , D. Kerszberg , D. Khangulyan , B. Khélifi , J. King , S. Klepser , D. Klochkov , W. Kluźniak , Nu. Komin , K. Kosack , S. Krakau , M. Kraus , P. P. Krüger , H. Laffon , G. Lamanna , J. Lau , J. -P. Lees , J. Lefaucheur , A. Lemière , M. Lemoine-Goumard , J. -P. Lenain , E. Leser , T. Lohse , M. Lorentz , R. Liu , R. López-Coto , I. Lypova , D. Malyshev , V. Marandon , A. Marcowith , C. Mariaud , R. Marx , G. Maurin , N. Maxted , M. Mayer , P. J. Meintjes , M. Meyer , A. M. W. Mitchell , R. Moderski , M. Mohamed , L. Mohrmann , K. Morå , E. Moulin , T. Murach , S. Nakashima , M. deNaurois , H. Ndiyavala , F. Niederwanger , J. Niemiec , L. Oakes , P. OBrien , H. Odaka , S. Ohm , M. Ostrowski , I. Oya , M. Padovani , M. Panter , R. D. Parsons , N. W. Pekeur , G. Pelletier , C. Perennes , P. -O. Petrucci , B. Peyaud , Q. Piel , S. Pita , V. Poireau , H. Poon , D. Prokhorov , H. Prokoph , G. Pühlhofer , M. Punch , A. Quirrenbach , S. Raab , R. Rauth , A. Reimer , O. Reimer , M. Renaud , R. de los Reyes , F. Rieger , L. Rinchiuso , C. Romoli , G. Rowell , B. Rudak , C. B. Rulten , S. Safi-Harb , V. Sahakian , S. Saito , D. A. Sanchez , A. Santangelo , M. Sasaki , R. Schlickeiser , F. Schüssler , A. Schulz , U. Schwanke , S. Schwemmer , M. Seglar-Arroyo , M. Settimo , A. S. Seyffert , N. Shafi , I. Shilon , K. Shiningayamwe , R. Simoni , H. Sol , F. Spanier , M. Spir-Jacob , Ł. Stawarz , R. Steenkamp , C. Stegmann , C. Steppa , I. Sushch , T. Takahashi , J. -P. Tavernet , T. Tavernier , A. M. Taylor , R. Terrier , L. Tibaldo , D. Tiziani , M. Tluczykont , C. Trichard , M. Tsirou , N. Tsuji , R. Tuffs , Y. Uchiyama , D. J. van der Walt , C. van Eldik , C. van Rensburg , B. van Soelen , G. Vasileiadis , J. Veh , C. Venter , A. Viana , P. Vincent , J. Vink , F. Voisin , H. J. Völk , T. Vuillaume , Z. Wadiasingh , S. J. Wagner , P. Wagner , R. M. Wagner , R. White , A. Wierzcholska , P. Willmann , A. Wörnlein , D. Wouters , R. Yang , D. Zaborov , M. Zacharias , R. Zanin , A. A. Zdziarski , A. Zech , F. Zefi , A. Ziegler , J. Zorn , N. Żywucka

The Contribution of Different Supernova Populations to the Galactic Gamma-Ray Background

The contribution of Source Cosmic Rays (SCRs), accelerated and still confined in Supernova Remnants (SNRs), to the diffuse high energy \gr emission above 1 GeV from the Galactic disk is studied. The \grs produced by the SCRs have a much…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 E. G. Berezhko , H. J. Voelk

Star clusters as cosmic ray accelerators

Massive stars blow powerful winds and eventually explode as supernovae. By doing so, they inject energy and momentum in the circumstellar medium, which is pushed away from the star and piles up to form a dense and expanding shell of gas.…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-01-18 Stefano Gabici

Cosmic Ray Origins in Supernova Blast Waves

We extend the self-similar solution derived by Chevalier for a Sedov blast wave accelerating cosmic rays (CR) to show that the Galactic CR population can be divided into: (A) CR with energies above ~200GeV released upstream during CR…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-23 A. R. Bell

Between the cosmic-ray `knee' and the `ankle': Contribution from star clusters

We show that massive young star clusters may be possible candidates that can accelerate Galactic cosmic rays (CRs) in the range of $10^7\hbox{--}10^9$ GeV (between the `knee' and `ankle'). Various plausible scenarios such as acceleration at…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-02-26 Sourav Bhadra , Satyendra Thoudam , Biman B Nath , Prateek Sharma

Realistic modeling of wind and supernovae shocks in star clusters: addressing ${\rm ^{22}Ne/^{20}Ne}$ and other problems in Galactic cosmic rays

Cosmic ray (CR) sources leave signatures in the isotopic abundances of CRs. Current models of Galactic CRs that consider supernovae (SNe) shocks as the main sites of particle acceleration cannot satisfactorily explain the higher ${\rm…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-02-12 Siddhartha Gupta , Biman B. Nath , Prateek Sharma , David Eichler

Embedded star clusters as sources of high-energy cosmic rays: Modelling and constraints

Massive stars are mainly found in stellar associations. These massive star clusters occur in the heart of giant molecular clouds. The strong stellar wind activity in these objects generates large bubbles and induces collective effects that…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-06-22 Gilles Maurin , Alexandre Marcowith , Nukri Komin , Fabien Krayzel , Giovanni Lamanna

Contribution to Galactic cosmic rays from young stellar clusters

The origin of Galactic cosmic rays (CR) is still a matter of debate. Diffusive shock acceleration (DSA) applied to supernova remnant (SNR) shocks provides the most reliable explanation. However, within the current understanding of DSA…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-10-25 G. Morlino , S. Menchiari , E. Amato , N. Bucciantini

The contribution of winds of star clusters to the Galactic cosmic-ray population

Cosmic rays are energetic nuclei that permeate the entire Galactic disk. Their existence requires the presence of powerful particle accelerators. While Galactic supernova explosions may supply the required energy, there is growing evidence…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-07-11 Giada Peron , Sabrina Casanova , Stefano Gabici , Vardan Baghmanyan , Felix Aharonian

Probing hadronic gamma-ray and high-energy neutrino emission from Gaia DR2 star clusters

Young and massive stellar clusters are a potential source of galactic cosmic rays due to at least two acceleration mechanisms. Collective stellar winds from massive stars form a wind-blown bubble with a termination shock at which particle…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-03-18 Alison M. W. Mitchell , Giovanni Morlino , Silvia Celli , Stefano Menchiari , Andreas Specovius

The Maximum Energy of Shock-Accelerated Cosmic Rays

Identifying the accelerators of Galactic cosmic ray protons (CRs) with energies up to a few PeV ($10^{15}$ eV) remains a theoretical and observational challenge. Supernova remnants (SNRs) represent strong candidates, as they provide…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-04-24 Rebecca Diesing

Gamma ray emission from embedded young massive star clusters unveiled by Fermi-LAT

Massive star clusters (SCs) have been proposed as additional contributors to Galactic Cosmic rays (CRs), to overcome the limitations of supernova remnants (SNR) to reach the highest energy end of the Galactic CR spectrum. Thanks to fast…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-01-22 Giada Peron , Giovanni Morlino , Elena Amato , Stefano Menchiari

The supernova remnant population in the very-high-energy sky: prospects for CTA

The detection of very-high-energy gamma rays from supernova remnant shells testifies of the acceleration of particles at strong shocks. Many aspects of the particle acceleration remain however unclear. The study of individual objects is…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-03-20 Pierre Cristofari