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This paper introduces Consistency Trajectory Planning (CTP), a novel offline model-based reinforcement learning method that leverages the recently proposed Consistency Trajectory Model (CTM) for efficient trajectory optimization. While…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Guanquan Wang , Takuya Hiraoka , Yoshimasa Tsuruoka

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) offers an appealing approach to real-world tasks by learning policies from pre-collected datasets without interacting with the environment. However, the performance of existing offline RL algorithms…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Peng Cheng , Xianyuan Zhan , Zhihao Wu , Wenjia Zhang , Shoucheng Song , Han Wang , Youfang Lin , Li Jiang

Pretraining reinforcement learning (RL) models on offline datasets is a promising way to improve their training efficiency in online tasks, but challenging due to the inherent mismatch in dynamics and behaviors across various tasks. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Minting Pan , Yitao Zheng , Yunbo Wang , Xiaokang Yang

Offline reinforcement learning requires reconciling two conflicting aims: learning a policy that improves over the behavior policy that collected the dataset, while at the same time minimizing the deviation from the behavior policy so as to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-13 Ilya Kostrikov , Ashvin Nair , Sergey Levine

Off-policy dynamic programming (DP) techniques such as $Q$-learning have proven to be important in sequential decision-making problems. In the presence of function approximation, however, these techniques often diverge due to the absence of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Zhaoyi Zhou , Chuning Zhu , Runlong Zhou , Qiwen Cui , Abhishek Gupta , Simon Shaolei Du

Sample efficiency and exploration remain major challenges in online reinforcement learning (RL). A powerful approach that can be applied to address these issues is the inclusion of offline data, such as prior trajectories from a human…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-01 Philip J. Ball , Laura Smith , Ilya Kostrikov , Sergey Levine

Off-policy learning from multistep returns is crucial for sample-efficient reinforcement learning, particularly in the experience replay setting now commonly used with deep neural networks. Classically, off-policy estimation bias is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-24 Brett Daley , Christopher Amato

Offline reinforcement learning suffers from the out-of-distribution issue and extrapolation error. Most policy constraint methods regularize the density of the trained policy towards the behavior policy, which is too restrictive in most…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-16 Yixiu Mao , Hongchang Zhang , Chen Chen , Yi Xu , Xiangyang Ji

The application of Reinforcement Learning (RL) in real world environments can be expensive or risky due to sub-optimal policies during training. In Offline RL, this problem is avoided since interactions with an environment are prohibited.…

In real-world sequential decision making tasks like autonomous driving, robotics, and healthcare, learning from observed state-action trajectories is critical for tasks like imitation, classification, and clustering. For example,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Zichang Ge , Changyu Chen , Arunesh Sinha , Pradeep Varakantham

Deep learning has been shown to be very capable at performing many real-world tasks. However, this performance is often dependent on the presence of large and varied datasets. In some settings, like in the medical domain, data is often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Arthur Guijt , Dirk Thierens , Ellen Kerkhof , Jan Wiersma , Tanja Alderliesten , Peter A. N. Bosman

We propose a novel algorithm for offline reinforcement learning using optimal transport. Typically, in offline reinforcement learning, the data is provided by various experts and some of them can be sub-optimal. To extract an efficient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Arip Asadulaev , Rostislav Korst , Alexander Korotin , Vage Egiazarian , Andrey Filchenkov , Evgeny Burnaev

Reinforcement Learning (RL) is notoriously data-inefficient, which makes training on a real robot difficult. While model-based RL algorithms (world models) improve data-efficiency to some extent, they still require hours or days of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Yunhai Feng , Nicklas Hansen , Ziyan Xiong , Chandramouli Rajagopalan , Xiaolong Wang

Off-policy reinforcement learning (RL) has achieved notable success in tackling many complex real-world tasks, by leveraging previously collected data for policy learning. However, most existing off-policy RL algorithms fail to maximally…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Yu Luo , Tianying Ji , Fuchun Sun , Jianwei Zhang , Huazhe Xu , Xianyuan Zhan

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) aims to learn an effective policy from a static dataset. To alleviate extrapolation errors, existing studies often uniformly regularize the value function or policy updates across all states. However, due…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Qin-Wen Luo , Ming-Kun Xie , Ye-Wen Wang , Sheng-Jun Huang

Long-term planning, as in reinforcement learning (RL), involves finding strategies: actions that collectively work toward a goal rather than individually optimizing their immediate outcomes. As part of a strategy, some actions are taken at…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Alihan Hüyük , Finale Doshi-Velez

This work introduces Transformer-based Off-Policy Episodic Reinforcement Learning (TOP-ERL), a novel algorithm that enables off-policy updates in the ERL framework. In ERL, policies predict entire action trajectories over multiple time…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Ge Li , Dong Tian , Hongyi Zhou , Xinkai Jiang , Rudolf Lioutikov , Gerhard Neumann

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) refers to the problem of learning policies from a static dataset of environment interactions. Offline RL enables extensive use and re-use of historical datasets, while also alleviating safety concerns…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-22 Rafael Rafailov , Tianhe Yu , Aravind Rajeswaran , Chelsea Finn

Decision Transformer (DT) can learn effective policy from offline datasets by converting the offline reinforcement learning (RL) into a supervised sequence modeling task, where the trajectory elements are generated auto-regressively…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Zhihong Liu , Long Qian , Zeyang Liu , Lipeng Wan , Xingyu Chen , Xuguang Lan

We study finite-horizon offline reinforcement learning (RL) with function approximation for both policy evaluation and policy optimization. Prior work established that statistically efficient learning is impossible for either of these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Volodymyr Tkachuk , Csaba Szepesvári , Xiaoqi Tan
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