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Quantum noise in real-world devices poses a significant challenge in achieving practical quantum advantage, since accurately compiled and executed circuits are typically deep and highly susceptible to decoherence. To facilitate the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-13 Yuchen Guo , Shuo Yang

Gate-model quantum computers provide an experimentally implementable architecture for near term quantum computations. To design a reduced quantum circuit that can simulate a high complexity reference quantum circuit, an optimization should…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-09-04 Laszlo Gyongyosi , Sandor Imre

Recently, the development of quantum chips has made great progress-- the number of qubits is increasing and the fidelity is getting higher. However, qubits of these chips are not always fully connected, which sets additional barriers for…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2018-07-06 Xin Zhang , Hong Xiang , Tao Xiang , Li Fu , Jun Sang

In the paper, we consider quantum circuits for Quantum fingerprinting (quantum hashing) and quantum Fourier transform (QFT) algorithms. Quantum fingerprinting (quantum hashing) is a well-known technique for comparing large objects using…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-04 Kamil Khadiev , Aliya Khadieva , Zeyu Chen , Junde Wu

We give an overview of the circuit optimisation methods used by tket, a compiler system for quantum software developed by Cambridge Quantum Computing Ltd. We focus on a novel technique based around phase gadgets, a family of multi-qubit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-05-04 Alexander Cowtan , Silas Dilkes , Ross Duncan , Will Simmons , Seyon Sivarajah

A physical limitation in quantum circuit design is the fact that gates in a quantum system can only act on qubits that are physically adjacent in the architecture. To overcome this problem, SWAP gates need to be inserted to make the circuit…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-08-28 Frank de Meijer , Dion Gijswijt , Renata Sotirov

Vast numbers of qubits will be needed for large-scale quantum computing due to the overheads associated with error correction. We present a scheme for low-overhead fault-tolerant quantum computation based on quantum low-density parity-check…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-24 Lawrence Z. Cohen , Isaac H. Kim , Stephen D. Bartlett , Benjamin J. Brown

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm~(QAOA) first proposed by Farhi et al. promises near-term applications based on its simplicity, universality, and provable optimality. A depth-p QAOA consists of p interleaved unitary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-05-30 Murphy Yuezhen Niu , Sirui Lu , Isaac L. Chuang

Fault-tolerant quantum computing typically requires the transpilation of arbitrary quantum circuits into a finite, universal gate set, such as Clifford+T. As a baseline, Diagonal approximation can be used for synthesizing single-qubit Pauli…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-12 Gilad Kishony , Avi Elazari , Ron Cohen , Lior Gazit

Achieving fast and high-fidelity qubit operations is crucial for unlocking the potential of quantum computers. In particular, reaching low gate errors in two-qubit gates has been a long-standing challenge in the field of superconducting…

We show a significant reduction of the number of quantum operations and the improvement of the circuit depth for the realization of the Toffoli gate by using qudits. This is done by establishing a general relation between the dimensionality…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-02-12 E. O. Kiktenko , A. S. Nikolaeva , Peng Xu , G. V. Shlyapnikov , A. K. Fedorov

We demonstrate that the unbounded fan-out gate is very powerful. Constant-depth polynomial-size quantum circuits with bounded fan-in and unbounded fan-out over a fixed basis (denoted by QNCf^0) can approximate with polynomially small error…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-01-10 Peter Hoyer , Robert Spalek

In the noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) era, flexible quantum operations are essential for advancing large-scale quantum computing, as they enable shorter circuits that mitigate decoherence and reduce gate errors. However, the…

Native multi-qubit parity gates have various potential quantum computing applications, such as entanglement creation, logical state encoding and parity measurement in quantum error correction. Here, using simultaneous cross-resonance drives…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-06 Toshinari Itoko , Moein Malekakhlagh , Naoki Kanazawa , Maika Takita

We present a fault-tolerant universal quantum computing architecture based on a code concatenation of biased-noise qubits and the parity architecture. The parity architecture can be understood as an LDPC code tailored specifically to obtain…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-01 Anette Messinger , Valentin Torggler , Berend Klaver , Michael Fellner , Wolfgang Lechner

An important aspect that strongly impacts the experimental feasibility of quantum circuits is the ratio of gate times and typical error time scales. Algorithms with circuit depths that significantly exceed the error time scales will result…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-29 Daniel Basilewitsch , Clemens Dlaska , Wolfgang Lechner

A central building block of many quantum algorithms is the diagonalization of Pauli operators. Although it is always possible to construct a quantum circuit that simultaneously diagonalizes a given set of commuting Pauli operators, only…

The Pauli-based Circuit Optimization, Analysis and Synthesis Toolchain (PCOAST) was recently introduced as a framework for optimizing quantum circuits. It converts a quantum circuit to a Pauli-based graph representation and provides a set…

The increasing depth of quantum circuits presents a major limitation for the execution of quantum algorithms, as the limited coherence time of physical qubits leads to noise that manifests as errors during computation. In this work, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-24 Spyros Tserkis , Muhammad Umer , Dimitris G. Angelakis

Optimal control can be used to significantly improve multi-qubit gates in quantum information processing hardware architectures based on superconducting circuit quantum electrodynamics. We apply this approach not only to dispersive gates of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-14 R. Fisher , F. Helmer , S. J. Glaser , F. Marquardt , T. Schulte-Herbrueggen
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