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In the context of Federated Learning with heterogeneous data environments, local models tend to converge to their own local model optima during local training steps, deviating from the overall data distributions. Aggregation of these local…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Mortesa Hussaini , Jan Theiß , Anthony Stein

Federated Learning is an emerging privacy-preserving distributed machine learning approach to building a shared model by performing distributed training locally on participating devices (clients) and aggregating the local models into a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-15 Sreya Francis , Irene Tenison , Irina Rish

Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative model training across large-scale distributed service nodes while preserving data privacy, making it a cornerstone of intelligent service systems in edge-cloud environments. However, in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Zhiwei Ling , Hailiang Zhao , Chao Zhang , Xiang Ao , Ziqi Wang , Cheng Zhang , Zhen Qin , Xinkui Zhao , Kingsum Chow , Yuanqing Wu , MengChu Zhou

In modern federated learning, one of the main challenges is to account for inherent heterogeneity and the diverse nature of data distributions for different clients. This problem is often addressed by introducing personalization of the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-12-19 Nikita Kotelevskii , Samuel Horváth , Karthik Nandakumar , Martin Takáč , Maxim Panov

As privacy concerns and data regulations grow, federated learning (FL) has emerged as a promising approach for training machine learning models across decentralized data sources without sharing raw data. However, a significant challenge in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Jungwon Seo , Ferhat Ozgur Catak , Chunming Rong

Federated Learning (FL) is a promising framework for distributed learning when data is private and sensitive. However, the state-of-the-art solutions in this framework are not optimal when data is heterogeneous and non-Independent and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-17 Martin Isaksson , Edvin Listo Zec , Rickard Cöster , Daniel Gillblad , Šarūnas Girdzijauskas

Traditional machine learning paradigms are based on the assumption that both training and test data follow the same statistical pattern, which is mathematically referred to as Independent and Identically Distributed ($i.i.d.$). However, in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-28 Jiashuo Liu , Zheyan Shen , Yue He , Xingxuan Zhang , Renzhe Xu , Han Yu , Peng Cui

Performance degradation owing to data heterogeneity and low output interpretability are the most significant challenges faced by federated learning in practical applications. Personalized federated learning diverges from traditional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-28 Mengen Luo , Chi Xu , Ercan Engin Kuruoglu

Federated Learning (FL) has surged in prominence due to its capability of collaborative model training without direct data sharing. However, the vast disparity in local data distributions among clients, often termed the Non-Independent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-12 Zheshun Wu , Zenglin Xu , Dun Zeng , Qifan Wang , Jie Liu

Recent advances in machine learning have highlighted Federated Learning (FL) as a promising approach that enables multiple distributed users (so-called clients) to collectively train ML models without sharing their private data. While this…

Federated Learning(FL) is popular as a privacy-preserving machine learning paradigm for generating a single model on decentralized data. However, statistical heterogeneity poses a significant challenge for FL. As a subfield of FL,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Keting Yin , Jiayi Mao

Federated learning enables machine learning models to learn from private decentralized data without compromising privacy. The standard formulation of federated learning produces one shared model for all clients. Statistical heterogeneity…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-20 Viraj Kulkarni , Milind Kulkarni , Aniruddha Pant

The traditional approach in FL tries to learn a single global model collaboratively with the help of many clients under the orchestration of a central server. However, learning a single global model might not work well for all clients…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Saeed Vahidian , Mahdi Morafah , Bill Lin

Localization and tracking of objects using data-driven methods is a popular topic due to the complexity in characterizing the physics of wireless channel propagation models. In these modeling approaches, data needs to be gathered to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-23 Peng Wu , Tales Imbiriba , Junha Park , Sunwoo Kim , Pau Closas

Federated learning algorithms perform reasonably well on independent and identically distributed (IID) data. They, on the other hand, suffer greatly from heterogeneous environments, i.e., Non-IID data. Despite the fact that many research…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-15 Yeachan Kim , Bonggun Shin

Federated learning (FL) enables multiple clients to collaboratively train a global model while keeping local data decentralized. Data heterogeneity (non-IID) across clients has imposed significant challenges to FL, which makes local models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Yuting He , Yiqiang Chen , XiaoDong Yang , Hanchao Yu , Yi-Hua Huang , Yang Gu

Federated Learning (FL) facilitates collaborative learning among multiple clients in a distributed manner and ensures the security of privacy. However, its performance inevitably degrades with non-Independent and Identically Distributed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Yunlu Yan , Huazhu Fu , Yuexiang Li , Jinheng Xie , Jun Ma , Guang Yang , Lei Zhu

Federated learning is an emerging distributed machine learning framework for privacy preservation. However, models trained in federated learning usually have worse performance than those trained in the standard centralized learning mode,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Hangyu Zhu , Jinjin Xu , Shiqing Liu , Yaochu Jin

In the expanding field of machine learning, federated learning has emerged as a pivotal methodology for distributed data environments, ensuring privacy while leveraging decentralized data sources. However, the heterogeneity of client data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Alice Smith , Bob Johnson , Michael Geller

Generalization to out-of-distribution (OOD) data is one of the central problems in modern machine learning. Recently, there is a surge of attempts to propose algorithms that mainly build upon the idea of extracting invariant features.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-09 Haotian Ye , Chuanlong Xie , Tianle Cai , Ruichen Li , Zhenguo Li , Liwei Wang
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