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Reinforcement learning (RL) has advanced greatly in the past few years with the employment of effective deep neural networks (DNNs) on the policy networks. With the great effectiveness came serious vulnerability issues with DNNs that small…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-07-06 Edgar Tretschk , Seong Joon Oh , Mario Fritz

Reinforcement learning (RL) has achieved remarkable success in fields like robotics and autonomous driving, but adversarial attacks designed to mislead RL systems remain challenging. Existing approaches often rely on modifying the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Junyong Jiang , Buwei Tian , Chenxing Xu , Songze Li , Lu Dong

Recent works have demonstrated the vulnerability of Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) algorithms against training-time, backdoor poisoning attacks. The objectives of these attacks are twofold: induce pre-determined, adversarial behavior in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Ethan Rathbun , Alina Oprea , Christopher Amato

Deep reinforcement learning models are vulnerable to adversarial attacks that can decrease a victim's cumulative expected reward by manipulating the victim's observations. Despite the efficiency of previous optimization-based methods for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-28 You Qiaoben , Chengyang Ying , Xinning Zhou , Hang Su , Jun Zhu , Bo Zhang

Deep reinforcement learning (RL) policies are known to be vulnerable to adversarial perturbations to their observations, similar to adversarial examples for classifiers. However, an attacker is not usually able to directly modify another…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-19 Adam Gleave , Michael Dennis , Cody Wild , Neel Kant , Sergey Levine , Stuart Russell

Advancements in reinforcement learning (RL) have been remarkable in recent years. However, the limitations of traditional training methods have become increasingly evident, particularly in meta-RL settings where agents face new, unseen…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-07 Ramnath Kumar , Tristan Deleu , Yoshua Bengio

Extensive research demonstrates that Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) models are susceptible to adversarially constructed inputs (i.e., adversarial examples), which can mislead the agent to take suboptimal or unsafe actions. Recent methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Shenghong He

Adversarial attacks against conventional Deep Learning (DL) systems and algorithms have been widely studied, and various defenses were proposed. However, the possibility and feasibility of such attacks against Deep Reinforcement Learning…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-05-15 Jianwen Sun , Tianwei Zhang , Xiaofei Xie , Lei Ma , Yan Zheng , Kangjie Chen , Yang Liu

We study the corruption-robustness of in-context reinforcement learning (ICRL), focusing on the Decision-Pretrained Transformer (DPT, Lee et al., 2023). To address the challenge of reward poisoning attacks targeting the DPT, we propose a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Paulius Sasnauskas , Yiğit Yalın , Goran Radanović

Machine learning classifiers are known to be vulnerable to inputs maliciously constructed by adversaries to force misclassification. Such adversarial examples have been extensively studied in the context of computer vision applications. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-02-09 Sandy Huang , Nicolas Papernot , Ian Goodfellow , Yan Duan , Pieter Abbeel

Adversarial attacking aims to fool deep neural networks with adversarial examples. In the field of natural language processing, various textual adversarial attack models have been proposed, varying in the accessibility to the victim model.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-22 Yuan Zang , Bairu Hou , Fanchao Qi , Zhiyuan Liu , Xiaojun Meng , Maosong Sun

DL-based automatic modulation classification (AMC) models are highly susceptible to adversarial attacks, where even minimal input perturbations can cause severe misclassifications. While adversarially training an AMC model based on an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-06 Amirmohammad Bamdad , Ali Owfi , Fatemeh Afghah

Deep Reinforcement Learning (RL) agents are susceptible to adversarial noise in their observations that can mislead their policies and decrease their performance. However, an adversary may be interested not only in decreasing the reward,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-13 Dennis Gross , Thiago D. Simao , Nils Jansen , Guillermo A. Perez

Recent research has confirmed the feasibility of backdoor attacks in deep reinforcement learning (RL) systems. However, the existing attacks require the ability to arbitrarily modify an agent's observation, constraining the application…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-14 Lun Wang , Zaynah Javed , Xian Wu , Wenbo Guo , Xinyu Xing , Dawn Song

Recent research on vulnerabilities of deep reinforcement learning (RL) has shown that adversarial policies adopted by an adversary agent can influence a target RL agent (victim agent) to perform poorly in a multi-agent environment. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-01 The Viet Bui , Tien Mai , Thanh H. Nguyen

Federated learning enables model training over a distributed corpus of agent data. However, the trained model is vulnerable to adversarial examples, designed to elicit misclassification. We study the feasibility of using adversarial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-03 Devansh Shah , Parijat Dube , Supriyo Chakraborty , Ashish Verma

Neural Machine Translation (NMT) models have been shown to be vulnerable to adversarial attacks, wherein carefully crafted perturbations of the input can mislead the target model. In this paper, we introduce ACT, a novel adversarial attack…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-23 Sahar Sadrizadeh , Ljiljana Dolamic , Pascal Frossard

Many adversarial defense methods have been proposed to enhance the adversarial robustness of natural language processing models. However, most of them introduce additional pre-set linguistic knowledge and assume that the synonym candidates…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-28 Yichen Yang , Xin Liu , Kun He

Backdoor attacks on reinforcement learning implant a backdoor in a victim agent's policy. Once the victim observes the trigger signal, it will switch to the abnormal mode and fail its task. Most of the attacks assume the adversary can…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Shuo Chen , Yue Qiu , Jie Zhang

We study a security threat to reinforcement learning where an attacker poisons the learning environment to force the agent into executing a target policy chosen by the attacker. As a victim, we consider RL agents whose objective is to find…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-20 Amin Rakhsha , Goran Radanovic , Rati Devidze , Xiaojin Zhu , Adish Singla
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