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Randomly masking and predicting word tokens has been a successful approach in pre-training language models for a variety of downstream tasks. In this work, we observe that the same idea also applies naturally to sequential decision making,…

While language tasks are naturally expressed in a single, unified, modeling framework, i.e., generating sequences of tokens, this has not been the case in computer vision. As a result, there is a proliferation of distinct architectures and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Ting Chen , Saurabh Saxena , Lala Li , Tsung-Yi Lin , David J. Fleet , Geoffrey Hinton

Empowering models to dynamically accomplish tasks specified through natural language instructions represents a promising path toward more capable and general artificial intelligence. In this work, we introduce InstructSeq, an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-01 Rongyao Fang , Shilin Yan , Zhaoyang Huang , Jingqiu Zhou , Hao Tian , Jifeng Dai , Hongsheng Li

Masked prediction has emerged as a promising pretraining paradigm in offline reinforcement learning (RL) due to its versatile masking schemes, enabling flexible inference across various downstream tasks with a unified model. Despite the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Yao Tang , Zhihui Xie , Zichuan Lin , Deheng Ye , Shuai Li

We introduce a unified probabilistic framework for solving sequential decision making problems ranging from Bayesian optimisation to contextual bandits and reinforcement learning. This is accomplished by a probabilistic model-based approach…

Unified models can handle both multimodal understanding and generation within a single architecture, yet they typically operate in a single pass without iteratively refining their outputs. Many multimodal tasks, especially those involving…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Leon Liangyu Chen , Haoyu Ma , Zhipeng Fan , Ziqi Huang , Animesh Sinha , Xiaoliang Dai , Jialiang Wang , Zecheng He , Jianwei Yang , Chunyuan Li , Junzhe Sun , Chu Wang , Serena Yeung-Levy , Felix Juefei-Xu

With the powerful reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) and vision-language models (VLMs), many recent works have explored using them for decision-making. However, most of these approaches rely solely on language-based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Yihao Sun , Zhilong Zhang , Yang Yu , Pierre-Luc Bacon

Significant advancements has recently been achieved in the field of multi-modal large language models (MLLMs), demonstrating their remarkable capabilities in understanding and reasoning across diverse tasks. However, these models are often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Zhaowei Li , Wei Wang , YiQing Cai , Xu Qi , Pengyu Wang , Dong Zhang , Hang Song , Botian Jiang , Zhida Huang , Tao Wang

Large language models, trained on extensive corpora, successfully unify diverse linguistic tasks within a single generative framework. Inspired by this, recent works like Large Vision Model (LVM) extend this paradigm to vision by organizing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Lan Chen , Yuchao Gu , Qi Mao

Most language model pre-training frameworks concatenate multiple documents into fixed-length sequences and use causal masking to compute the likelihood of each token given its context; this strategy is widely adopted due to its simplicity…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Yu Zhao , Yuanbin Qu , Konrad Staniszewski , Szymon Tworkowski , Wei Liu , Piotr Miłoś , Yuxiang Wu , Pasquale Minervini

This work proposes a new method to sequentially train deep neural networks on multiple tasks without suffering catastrophic forgetting, while endowing it with the capability to quickly adapt to unseen tasks. Starting from existing work on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-02 Dhrupad Bhardwaj , Julia Kempe , Artem Vysogorets , Angela M. Teng , Evaristus C. Ezekwem

Multivariate time series forecasting plays a pivotal role in contemporary web technologies. In contrast to conventional methods that involve creating dedicated models for specific time series application domains, this research advocates for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-26 Xu Liu , Junfeng Hu , Yuan Li , Shizhe Diao , Yuxuan Liang , Bryan Hooi , Roger Zimmermann

Masked language modeling is widely used for pretraining large language models for natural language understanding (NLU). However, random masking is suboptimal, allocating an equal masking rate for all tokens. In this paper, we propose…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-24 Nafis Sadeq , Canwen Xu , Julian McAuley

Masked language modeling has become a widely adopted unsupervised technique to pre-train large language models (LLMs). However, the process of selecting tokens for masking is random, and the percentage of masked tokens is typically fixed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Andrei Jarca , Florinel Alin Croitoru , Radu Tudor Ionescu

Unified models aim to support both understanding and generation by encoding images into discrete tokens and processing them alongside text within a single autoregressive framework. This unified design offers architectural simplicity and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Ziyao Wang , Chen Chen , Jingtao Li , Weiming Zhuang , Jiabo Huang , Ang Li , Lingjuan Lyu

The self-supervised objective of masking-and-predicting has led to promising performance gains on a variety of downstream tasks. However, while most approaches randomly mask tokens, there is strong intuition that deciding what to mask can…

We introduce UniToken, an auto-regressive generation model that encodes visual inputs through a combination of discrete and continuous representations, enabling seamless integration of unified visual understanding and image generation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Yang Jiao , Haibo Qiu , Zequn Jie , Shaoxiang Chen , Jingjing Chen , Lin Ma , Yu-Gang Jiang

In-context Learning enables training-free adaptation via demonstrations but remains highly sensitive to example selection and formatting. In unified multimodal models spanning understanding and generation, this sensitivity is exacerbated by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Yicheng Xu , Jiangning Zhang , Zhucun Xue , Teng Hu , Ran Yi , Xiaobin Hu , Yong Liu , Dacheng Tao

Open-domain long-term memory conversation can establish long-term intimacy with humans, and the key is the ability to understand and memorize long-term dialogue history information. Existing works integrate multiple models for modelling…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Kang Zhao , Wei Liu , Jian Luan , Minglei Gao , Li Qian , Hanlin Teng , Bin Wang

Large language model (LLM)-based recommender systems have achieved high-quality performance by bridging the discrepancy between the item space and the language space through item tokenization. However, existing item tokenization methods…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Yu Hou , Won-Yong Shin
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