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Mutual Information (MI) is a powerful statistical measure that quantifies shared information between random variables, particularly valuable in high-dimensional data analysis across fields like genomics, natural language processing, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Andre O. Falcao

Mutual Information (MI) has been widely used as a loss regularizer for training neural networks. This has been particularly effective when learn disentangled or compressed representations of high dimensional data. However, differential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Georg Pichler , Pierre Colombo , Malik Boudiaf , Günther Koliander , Pablo Piantanida

Fields like public health, public policy, and social science often want to quantify the degree of dependence between variables whose relationships take on unknown functional forms. Typically, in fact, researchers in these fields are…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-12-10 Octavio César Mesner , Cosma Rohilla Shalizi

Estimating mutual information accurately is pivotal across diverse applications, from machine learning to communications and biology, enabling us to gain insights into the inner mechanisms of complex systems. Yet, dealing with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Nunzio A. Letizia , Nicola Novello , Andrea M. Tonello

Conditional independence testing (CIT) is a common task in machine learning, e.g., for variable selection, and a main component of constraint-based causal discovery. While most current CIT approaches assume that all variables are numerical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Oana-Iuliana Popescu , Andreas Gerhardus , Jakob Runge

Learning representations that transfer well to diverse downstream tasks remains a central challenge in representation learning. Existing paradigms -- contrastive learning, self-supervised masking, and denoising auto-encoders -- balance this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Micha Livne

We introduce an information-theoretic quantity with similar properties to mutual information that can be estimated from data without making explicit assumptions on the underlying distribution. This quantity is based on a recently proposed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-31 Oscar Skean , Jhoan Keider Hoyos Osorio , Austin J. Brockmeier , Luis Gonzalo Sanchez Giraldo

Learning representations that generalize well to unknown downstream tasks is a central challenge in representation learning. Existing approaches such as contrastive learning, self-supervised masking, and denoising auto-encoders address this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Micha Livne

Mutual Information (MI) is a fundamental metric for quantifying dependency between two random variables. When we can access only the samples, but not the underlying distribution functions, we can evaluate MI using sample-based estimators.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-10-16 Kyungeun Lee , Wonjong Rhee

Mutual Information (MI) plays an important role in representation learning. However, MI is unfortunately intractable in continuous and high-dimensional settings. Recent advances establish tractable and scalable MI estimators to discover…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-05-05 Liangjian Wen , Yiji Zhou , Lirong He , Mingyuan Zhou , Zenglin Xu

Computation of Mutual Information (MI) helps understand the amount of information shared between a pair of random variables. Automated feature selection techniques based on MI ranking are regularly used to extract information from sensitive…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-09-24 Ankit Srivastava , Samira Pouyanfar , Joshua Allen , Ken Johnston , Qida Ma

As a fundamental concept in information theory, mutual information ($MI$) has been commonly applied to quantify association between random vectors. Most existing nonparametric estimators of $MI$ have unstable statistical performance since…

Applications · Statistics 2025-02-19 Soumik Purkayastha , Peter X. K. Song

Mutual Information (MI) is a crucial measure for capturing dependencies between variables, but exact computation is challenging in high dimensions with intractable likelihoods, impacting accuracy and robustness. One idea is to use an…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-03-13 Forough Fazeliasl , Michael Minyi Zhang , Bei Jiang , Linglong Kong

Understanding dependencies between variables is critical for interpretability and efficient generation in masked diffusion models (MDMs), yet these models primarily expose marginal conditional distributions and do not explicitly represent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Jai Sharma , Yifan Wang , Bryan Li

We propose a fully data-driven approach to designing mutual information (MI) estimators. Since any MI estimator is a function of the observed sample from two random variables, we parameterize this function with a neural network (MIST) and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 German Gritsai , Megan Richards , Maxime Méloux , Kyunghyun Cho , Maxime Peyrard

Dynamic feature selection, where we sequentially query features to make accurate predictions with a minimal budget, is a promising paradigm to reduce feature acquisition costs and provide transparency into a model's predictions. The problem…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Soham Gadgil , Ian Covert , Su-In Lee

Recently, the importance of analysing data and collecting valuable insight efficiently has been increasing in various fields. Estimating mutual information (MI) plays a critical role to investigate the relationship among multiple random…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-10 Yota Maeda , Hideaki Kawaguchi , Hiroyuki Tezuka

The identification of relevant features, i.e., the driving variables that determine a process or the properties of a system, is an essential part of the analysis of data sets with a large number of variables. A mathematical rigorous…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-08-02 Benjamin Regler , Matthias Scheffler , Luca M. Ghiringhelli

The Mutual Information (MI) is an often used measure of dependency between two random variables utilized in information theory, statistics and machine learning. Recently several MI estimators have been proposed that can achieve parametric…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-11-26 Morteza Noshad , Yu Zeng , Alfred O. Hero

Dataset distillation (DD) aims to minimize the time and memory consumption needed for training deep neural networks on large datasets, by creating a smaller synthetic dataset that has similar performance to that of the full real dataset.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Xinhao Zhong , Bin Chen , Hao Fang , Xulin Gu , Shu-Tao Xia , En-Hui Yang