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There has recently been great progress in automatic segmentation of medical images with deep learning algorithms. In most works observer variation is acknowledged to be a problem as it makes training data heterogeneous but so far no…

PET-CT lesion segmentation is challenging due to noise sensitivity, small and variable lesion morphology, and interference from physiological high-metabolic signals. Current mainstream approaches follow the practice of one network solving…

Semi-supervised 3D medical image segmentation aims to achieve accurate segmentation using few labelled data and numerous unlabelled data. The main challenge in the design of semi-supervised learning methods consists in the effective use of…

Measuring lesion size is an important step to assess tumor growth and monitor disease progression and therapy response in oncology image analysis. Although it is tedious and highly time-consuming, radiologists have to work on this task by…

Supervised deep learning needs a large amount of labeled data to achieve high performance. However, in medical imaging analysis, each site may only have a limited amount of data and labels, which makes learning ineffective. Federated…

Incorporation of prior knowledge about organ shape and location is key to improve performance of image analysis approaches. In particular, priors can be useful in cases where images are corrupted and contain artefacts due to limitations in…

Cone-beam CT (CBCT)-based online adaptive radiotherapy calls for accurate auto-segmentation to reduce the time cost for physicians to edit contours. However, deep learning (DL)-based direct segmentation of CBCT images is a challenging task,…

Comprehensive surgical planning require complex patient-specific anatomical models. For instance, functional muskuloskeletal simulations necessitate all relevant structures to be segmented, which could be performed in real-time using deep…

In medical imaging, the heterogeneity of multi-centre data impedes the applicability of deep learning-based methods and results in significant performance degradation when applying models in an unseen data domain, e.g. a new centreor a new…

Recent techniques to solve photorealistic style transfer within deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) generally require intensive training from large-scale datasets, thus having limited applicability and poor generalization ability to…

Pre-training a recognition model with contrastive learning on a large dataset of unlabeled data has shown great potential to boost the performance of a downstream task, e.g., image classification. However, in domains such as medical…

Pretraining on large natural image classification datasets such as ImageNet has aided model development on data-scarce 2D medical tasks. 3D medical tasks often have much less data than 2D medical tasks, prompting practitioners to rely on…

Pre-training is crucial for learning deep neural networks. Most of existing pre-training methods train simple models (e.g., restricted Boltzmann machines) and then stack them layer by layer to form the deep structure. This layer-wise…

Deep Learning shows very good performance when trained on large labeled data sets. The problem of training a deep net on a few or one sample per class requires a different learning approach which can generalize to unseen classes using only…

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) often suffer from poor performance when tested on target data that differs from the training (source) data distribution, particularly in medical imaging applications where variations in imaging protocols…

Self-supervised learning makes significant progress in pre-training large models, but struggles with small models. Mainstream solutions to this problem rely mainly on knowledge distillation, which involves a two-stage procedure: first…

Modern segmentation models achieve strong predictive performance but remain largely opaque, limiting our ability to diagnose failures, understand dataset shift, or intervene in a principled manner. We introduce Med-SegLens, a model-diffing…

Medical foundation models pre-trained on large-scale datasets have shown powerful versatile performance. However, when adapting medical foundation models for specific medical scenarios, it remains the inevitable challenge due to the gap…

Adapting pre-trained language models (PrLMs) (e.g., BERT) to new domains has gained much attention recently. Instead of fine-tuning PrLMs as done in most previous work, we investigate how to adapt the features of PrLMs to new domains…

Adaptive radiotherapy (ART), especially online ART, effectively accounts for positioning errors and anatomical changes. One key component of online ART is accurately and efficiently delineating organs at risk (OARs) and targets on online…