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Deep learning has dramatically improved the performance of speech recognition systems through learning hierarchies of features optimized for the task at hand. However, true end-to-end learning, where features are learned directly from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-04-06 Zhenyao Zhu , Jesse H. Engel , Awni Hannun

User-defined keyword spotting (KWS) without resorting to domain-specific pre-labeled training data is of fundamental importance in building adaptable and personalized voice interfaces. However, such systems are still faced with arduous…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-07 Lo-Ya Li , Tien-Hong Lo , Jeih-Weih Hung , Shih-Chieh Huang , Berlin Chen

The Tsetlin Machine (TM) has recently attracted attention as a low-power alternative to neural networks due to its simple and interpretable inference mechanisms. However, its performance on speech-related tasks remains limited. This paper…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Baizhou Lin , Yuetong Fang , Renjing Xu , Rishad Shafik , Jagmohan Chauhan

Keyword spotting (KWS) is a core human-machine-interaction front-end task for most modern intelligent assistants. Recently, a unified (UniKW-AT) framework has been proposed that adds additional capabilities in the form of audio tagging (AT)…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-03-06 Heinrich Dinkel , Yongqing Wang , Zhiyong Yan , Junbo Zhang , Yujun Wang

This paper proposes a novel user-defined keyword spotting framework that accurately detects audio keywords based on text enrollment. Since audio data possesses additional acoustic information compared to text, there are discrepancies…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-23 Youkyum Kim , Jaemin Jung , Jihwan Park , Byeong-Yeol Kim , Joon Son Chung

Continuous Speech Keyword Spotting (CSKS) is the problem of spotting keywords in recorded conversations, when a small number of instances of keywords are available in training data. Unlike the more common Keyword Spotting, where an…

Sound · Computer Science 2019-01-15 Harshita Seth , Pulkit Kumar , Muktabh Mayank Srivastava

As virtual assistants have become more diverse and specialized, so has the demand for application or brand-specific wake words. However, the wake-word-specific datasets typically used to train wake-word detectors are costly to create. In…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-08 Arindam Ghosh , Mark Fuhs , Deblin Bagchi , Bahman Farahani , Monika Woszczyna

We consider feature learning for efficient keyword spotting that can be applied in severely under-resourced settings. The objective is to support humanitarian relief programmes by the United Nations in parts of Africa in which almost no…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-08-16 Ewald van der Westhuizen , Herman Kamper , Raghav Menon , John Quinn , Thomas Niesler

In this paper we propose a novel environmental sound classification approach incorporating unsupervised feature learning from codebook via spherical $K$-Means++ algorithm and a new architecture for high-level data augmentation. The audio…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-26 Mohammad Esmaeilpour , Patrick Cardinal , Alessandro Lameiras Koerich

Recent work on monaural source separation has shown that performance can be increased by using fully learned filterbanks with short windows. On the other hand it is widely known that, for conventional beamforming techniques, performance…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-02-22 Samuele Cornell , Manuel Pariente , François Grondin , Stefano Squartini

The deep neural networks, such as the Deep-FSMN, have been widely studied for keyword spotting (KWS) applications. However, computational resources for these networks are significantly constrained since they usually run on-call on edge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-21 Haotong Qin , Xudong Ma , Yifu Ding , Xiaoyang Li , Yang Zhang , Yao Tian , Zejun Ma , Jie Luo , Xianglong Liu

Large-scale federated learning (FL) over wireless multiple access channels (MACs) has emerged as a crucial learning paradigm with a wide range of applications. However, its widespread adoption is hindered by several major challenges,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Vineet Sunil Gattani , Junshan Zhang , Gautam Dasarathy

Evaluation of keyword spotting (KWS) systems that detect keywords in speech is a challenging task under realistic privacy constraints. The KWS is designed to only collect data when the keyword is present, limiting the availability of hard…

Confusing-words are commonly encountered in real-life keyword spotting applications, which causes severe degradation of performance due to complex spoken terms and various kinds of words that sound similar to the predefined keywords. To…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-04 Yan Jia , Zexin Cai , Murong Ma , Zeqing Zhao , Xuyang Wang , Junjie Wang , Ming Li

Speech recognition from raw waveform involves learning the spectral decomposition of the signal in the first layer of the neural acoustic model using a convolution layer. In this work, we propose a raw waveform convolutional filter learning…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-01-22 Purvi Agrawal , Sriram Ganapathy

The smart home systems, based on AI speech recognition and IoT technology, enable people to control devices through verbal commands and make people's lives more efficient. However, existing AI speech recognition services are primarily…

We introduce a novel approach for keypoint detection task that combines handcrafted and learned CNN filters within a shallow multi-scale architecture. Handcrafted filters provide anchor structures for learned filters, which localize, score…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-11-05 Axel Barroso-Laguna , Edgar Riba , Daniel Ponsa , Krystian Mikolajczyk

User-defined keyword spotting (KWS) enhances the user experience by allowing individuals to customize keywords. However, in open-vocabulary scenarios, most existing methods commonly suffer from high false alarm rates with confusable words…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-31 Li Kewei , Zhou Hengshun , Shen Kai , Dai Yusheng , Du Jun

Automatic speech quality assessment is essential for audio researchers, developers, speech and language pathologists, and system quality engineers. The current state-of-the-art systems are based on framewise speech features (hand-engineered…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-15 Karl El Hajal , Zihan Wu , Neil Scheidwasser-Clow , Gasser Elbanna , Milos Cernak

End-to-end (E2E) approaches to keyword search (KWS) are considerably simpler in terms of training and indexing complexity when compared to approaches which use the output of automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems. This simplification…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-08 Bolaji Yusuf , Murat Saraçlar