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We discuss how in certain theories of spacetime admitting a maximal proper acceleration Hawking radiation does not completely evaporate the black hole. The black hole remnant's mass depends on the inverse of the maximal acceleration.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-03-18 Ricardo Gallego Torromé

We introduce a constructive framework for assigning thermodynamic structure to an arbitrary data system from its measured microstates. Starting from an empirical distribution over configurations, we first infer a data-driven energy function…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-04-29 George-Rafael Domenikos , Lock Yue Chew , Victoria Leong

Free energy fixes the maximum work of a thermodynamic process once the state and Hamiltonian are specified. A work-extraction task asks a different question: how much average work can a single device realize across several preparations and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-06 Sumit Rout , Aravinth Balaji Ravichandran , Paweł Horodecki , Anubhav Chaturvedi

Using a new generalized second law of thermodynamics, the information and entropy of a black hole and its accretion disk are analyzed respectively. We find the bound of the information channel width of a black hole, which is determined by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-04-19 Liangsuo Shu , Xiaokang Liu , Shiping Jin , Suyi Huang

We discuss and compare different definitions of the entropy of a black hole. In particular we show that the thermodynamical entropy defined by the response of the free energy of a black hole to the change of temperature does not coincide…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-02-03 V. Frolov

We show that work can be extracted from a two-level system (spin) coupled to a bosonic thermal bath. This is possible due to different initial temperatures of the spin and the bath, both positive (no spin population inversion) and is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 A. E. Allahverdyan , R. Serral Gracia , Th. M. Nieuwenhuizen

We suggest that the framework of quantum information theory, which has been developing rapidly in recent years due to intense activity in quantum computation and quantum communication, is a reasonable starting point to study non-equilibrium…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 C. Adami , N. J. Cerf

We investigate the thermodynamics of a Schwarzschild black hole, surrounded by the quintessence energy-matter in the linear and quadratic generalized uncertainty principle framework. Considering the variance in the position to be of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-02-04 Soham Sen , Abhijit Dutta , Sunandan Gangopadhyay

The thermodynamics of nearly-extreme charged black holes depends upon the number of ground states at fixed large charge and upon the distribution of excited energy states. Here three possibilities are examined: (1) Ground state highly…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Don N. Page

We introduce a 'quasi-topological` term [1] in D=1+1 dimensions and the entropy for black holes is calculated [2]. The source of entropy in this case is justified by a non-null stress-energy tensor.

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Carlos Pinheiro , F. C. Khanna

Thermodynamics establishes that information acquired through measurement can be converted into work, as exemplified by Maxwell's demon and Szilard engines. Most experimental realizations of information engines, however, implicitly assume…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2026-03-09 Lokesh Muruga , Felix Ginot , Sarah A. M. Loos , Clemens Bechinger

Black hole thermodynamics provides a unique setting in which general relativity, quantum field theory, and statistical mechanics converge. In semiclassical gravity, this interplay culminates in the generalized second law (GSL), whose modern…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-01-08 Antoine Rignon-Bret , Matthieu Vilatte

We generalize stochastic thermodynamics to include information reservoirs. Such information reservoirs, which can be modeled as a sequence of bits, modify the second law. For example, work extraction from a system in contact with a single…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2014-11-17 Andre C. Barato , Udo Seifert

A model of nonlinear electrodynamics is proposed and investigated in general relativity. We consider the magnetic black hole and find a regular solution which gives corrections into the Reissner-Nordstr\"{o}m solution. At…

General Physics · Physics 2018-03-07 S. I. Kruglov

The nonextensive nature of black holes is one of the most intriguing discoveries. In fact, the black hole entropy is a nonextensive quantity that scales by its surface area at the event horizon. In our work, we extend the thermodynamic…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-01-15 Ratchaphat Nakarachinda , Chatchai Promsiri , Lunchakorn Tannukij , Pitayuth Wongjun

A seven parameter family of five-dimensional black hole solutions depending on mass, two angular momenta, three charges and the asymptotic value of a scalar field is constructed. The entropy is computed as a function of these parameters…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-09-17 J. C. Breckenridge , D. A. Lowe , R. C. Myers , A. W. Peet , A. Strominger , C. Vafa

Black holes are thermodynamic objects, but despite recent progress, the ultimate statistical mechanical origin of black hole temperature and entropy remains mysterious. Here I summarize an approach in which the entropy is viewed as arising…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-04-28 Steven Carlip

Entanglement entropy is one of the most prominent measures in quantum physics. We show that it has an interesting ergotropic interpretation in terms of unitarily extracted work. It determines how much energy one can extract from a source of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-16 Dominik Šafránek

We have shown that changes occur in a (2+1)-dimensional charged black hole by adding a charged probe. The particle increases the entropy of the black hole and guarantees the second law of thermodynamics. The first law of thermodynamics is…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-12-01 Bogeun Gwak , Bum-Hoon Lee

Hawking's radiance, even as computed without account of backreaction, departs from blackbody form due to the mode dependence of the barrier penetration factor. Thus the radiation is not the maximal entropy radiation for given energy. By…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-22 Jacob D. Bekenstein