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Contrastive learning methods enforce label distance relationships in feature space to improve representation capability for regression models. However, these methods highly depend on label information to correctly recover ordinal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Ce Wang , Weihang Dai , Hanru Bai , Xiaomeng Li

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) has tremendous value in practice due to its ability to utilize both labeled data and unlabelled data. An important class of SSL methods is to naturally represent data as graphs such that the label information…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-01 Zixing Song , Xiangli Yang , Zenglin Xu , Irwin King

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) is an indispensable tool when there are few labeled entities and many unlabeled entities for which we want to predict labels. With graph-based methods, entities correspond to nodes in a graph and edges…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-01-23 Edith Cohen

Prior works have shown that semi-supervised learning algorithms can leverage unlabeled data to improve over the labeled sample complexity of supervised learning (SL) algorithms. However, existing theoretical analyses focus on regimes where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-01 Alexandru Ţifrea , Gizem Yüce , Amartya Sanyal , Fanny Yang

In semi-supervised learning, the paradigm of self-training refers to the idea of learning from pseudo-labels suggested by the learner itself. Across various domains, corresponding methods have proven effective and achieve state-of-the-art…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-06-12 Julian Lienen , Caglar Demir , Eyke Hüllermeier

Semi-supervised learning on class-imbalanced data, although a realistic problem, has been under studied. While existing semi-supervised learning (SSL) methods are known to perform poorly on minority classes, we find that they still generate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-18 Chen Wei , Kihyuk Sohn , Clayton Mellina , Alan Yuille , Fan Yang

Improving generalization is a major challenge in audio classification due to labeled data scarcity. Self-supervised learning (SSL) methods tackle this by leveraging unlabeled data to learn useful features for downstream classification…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-12-22 Melikasadat Emami , Dung Tran , Kazuhito Koishida

The performance of supervised classification techniques often deteriorates when the data has noisy labels. Even the semi-supervised classification approaches have largely focused only on the problem of handling missing labels. Most of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-05 Ashit Gupta , Anirudh Deodhar , Tathagata Mukherjee , Venkataramana Runkana

Most recent semi-supervised deep learning (deep SSL) methods used a similar paradigm: use network predictions to update pseudo-labels and use pseudo-labels to update network parameters iteratively. However, they lack theoretical support and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-11-28 Guo-Hua Wang , Jianxin Wu

Self-training is an effective approach to semi-supervised learning. The key idea is to let the learner itself iteratively generate "pseudo-supervision" for unlabeled instances based on its current hypothesis. In combination with consistency…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-11-05 Julian Lienen , Eyke Hüllermeier

Minimizing prediction uncertainty on unlabeled data is a key factor to achieve good performance in semi-supervised learning (SSL). The prediction uncertainty is typically expressed as the \emph{entropy} computed by the transformed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-16 Jing Li , Yuangang Pan , Ivor W. Tsang

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) provides an effective means of leveraging unlabeled data to improve a model's performance. In this paper, we demonstrate the power of a simple combination of two common SSL methods: consistency regularization…

We motivate weakly supervised learning as an effective learning paradigm for problems where curating perfectly annotated datasets is expensive and may require domain expertise such as fine-grained classification. We focus on Partial Label…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Darshana Saravanan , Naresh Manwani , Vineet Gandhi

Do we need active learning? The rise of strong deep semi-supervised methods raises doubt about the usability of active learning in limited labeled data settings. This is caused by results showing that combining semi-supervised learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-17 Sandra Gilhuber , Rasmus Hvingelby , Mang Ling Ada Fok , Thomas Seidl

Recently, pseudo label based semi-supervised learning has achieved great success in many fields. The core idea of the pseudo label based semi-supervised learning algorithm is to use the model trained on the labeled data to generate pseudo…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-26 Zeping Min , Qian Ge , Cheng Tai

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) is one of the dominant approaches to address the annotation bottleneck of supervised learning. Recent SSL methods can effectively leverage a large repository of unlabeled data to improve performance while…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-29 Mamshad Nayeem Rizve , Navid Kardan , Salman Khan , Fahad Shahbaz Khan , Mubarak Shah

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) leverages abundant unlabeled data alongside limited labeled data to enhance learning. As vision foundation models (VFMs) increasingly serve as the backbone of vision applications, it remains unclear how SSL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Ping Zhang , Zheda Mai , Quang-Huy Nguyen , Wei-Lun Chao

Recently proposed consistency-based Semi-Supervised Learning (SSL) methods such as the $\Pi$-model, temporal ensembling, the mean teacher, or the virtual adversarial training, have advanced the state of the art in several SSL tasks. These…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-01-19 Atin Ghosh , Alexandre H. Thiery

In practical machine learning applications, it is often challenging to assign accurate labels to data, and increasing the number of labeled instances is often limited. In such cases, Weakly Supervised Learning (WSL), which enables training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Tomoya Tate , Kosuke Sugiyama , Masato Uchida

Many classification problems involve data instances that are interlinked with each other, such as webpages connected by hyperlinks. Techniques for "collective classification" (CC) often increase accuracy for such data graphs, but usually…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-07-03 Luke McDowell , David Aha