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espite being widely used in network intrusion detection systems (NIDSs), machine learning (ML) has proven to be highly vulnerable to adversarial attacks. White-box and black-box adversarial attacks of NIDS have been explored in several…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-22 Hangsheng Zhang , Dongqi Han , Yinlong Liu , Zhiliang Wang , Jiyan Sun , Shangyuan Zhuang , Jiqiang Liu , Jinsong Dong

The black-box adversarial attack has attracted impressive attention for its practical use in the field of deep learning security. Meanwhile, it is very challenging as there is no access to the network architecture or internal weights of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-26 Yifeng Xiong , Jiadong Lin , Min Zhang , John E. Hopcroft , Kun He

In this work, we study the black-box targeted attack problem from the model discrepancy perspective. On the theoretical side, we present a generalization error bound for black-box targeted attacks, which gives a rigorous theoretical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-20 Anqi Zhao , Tong Chu , Yahao Liu , Wen Li , Jingjing Li , Lixin Duan

The transferability of adversarial examples across deep neural networks (DNNs) is the crux of many black-box attacks. Many prior efforts have been devoted to improving the transferability via increasing the diversity in inputs of some…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-20 Qizhang Li , Yiwen Guo , Wangmeng Zuo , Hao Chen

The widespread practice of fine-tuning open-source Vision-Language Models (VLMs) raises a critical security concern: jailbreak vulnerabilities in base models may persist in downstream variants, enabling transferable attacks across…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Ruofan Wang , Xin Wang , Yang Yao , Juncheng Li , Xuan Tong , Xingjun Ma

We design blackbox transfer-based targeted adversarial attacks for an environment where the attacker's source model and the target blackbox model may have disjoint label spaces and training datasets. This scenario significantly differs from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-19 Nathan Inkawhich , Kevin J Liang , Jingyang Zhang , Huanrui Yang , Hai Li , Yiran Chen

Deep neural networks are vulnerable to adversarial examples that are crafted by imposing imperceptible changes to the inputs. However, these adversarial examples are most successful in white-box settings where the model and its parameters…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-20 Tianjin Huang , Vlado Menkovski , Yulong Pei , YuHao Wang , Mykola Pechenizkiy

The transferability of adversarial examples allows the deception on black-box models, and transfer-based targeted attacks have attracted a lot of interest due to their practical applicability. To maximize the transfer success rate,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-18 Junyoung Byun , Seungju Cho , Myung-Joon Kwon , Hee-Seon Kim , Changick Kim

In the scenario of black-box adversarial attack, the target model's parameters are unknown, and the attacker aims to find a successful adversarial perturbation based on query feedback under a query budget. Due to the limited feedback…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-03 Fei Yin , Yong Zhang , Baoyuan Wu , Yan Feng , Jingyi Zhang , Yanbo Fan , Yujiu Yang

Machine Learning (ML) systems are vulnerable to adversarial examples, particularly those from query-based black-box attacks. Despite various efforts to detect and prevent such attacks, ML systems are still at risk, demanding a more…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Yue Gao , Ilia Shumailov , Kassem Fawaz

No-Reference Image Quality Assessment (NR-IQA) models play an important role in various real-world applications. Recently, adversarial attacks against NR-IQA models have attracted increasing attention, as they provide valuable insights for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Yujia Liu , Dingquan Li , Zhixuan Li , Tiejun Huang

Adversarial transferability enables black-box attacks on unknown victim deep neural networks (DNNs), rendering attacks viable in real-world scenarios. Current transferable attacks create adversarial perturbation over the entire image,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Shangbo Wu , Yu-an Tan , Yajie Wang , Ruinan Ma , Wencong Ma , Yuanzhang Li

Learning-based autonomous driving systems remain critically vulnerable to adversarial patches, posing serious safety and security risks in their real-world deployment. Black-box attacks, notable for their high attack success rate without…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Yuxin Cao , Yedi Zhang , Wentao He , Yifan Liao , Yan Xiao , Chang Li , Zhiyong Huang , Jin Song Dong

Transfer learning is an important approach that produces pre-trained teacher models which can be used to quickly build specialized student models. However, recent research on transfer learning has found that it is vulnerable to various…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Dayong Ye , Huiqiang Chen , Shuai Zhou , Tianqing Zhu , Wanlei Zhou , Shouling Ji

Much effort has been made to explain and improve the success of transfer-based attacks (TBA) on black-box computer vision models. This work provides the first attempt at a priori prediction of attack success by identifying the presence of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Ashley S. Dale , Mei Qiu , Foo Bin Che , Thomas Bsaibes , Lauren Christopher , Paul Salama

The transferability of adversarial examples is a key issue in the security of deep neural networks. The possibility of an adversarial example crafted for a source model fooling another targeted model makes the threat of adversarial attacks…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Thibault Maho , Seyed-Mohsen Moosavi-Dezfooli , Teddy Furon

Adversarial examples have attracted widespread attention in security-critical applications because of their transferability across different models. Although many methods have been proposed to boost adversarial transferability, a gap still…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Xingxing Wei , Shiji Zhao

Recent approaches in machine learning often solve a task using a composition of multiple models or agentic architectures. When targeting a composed system with adversarial attacks, it might not be computationally or informationally feasible…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Julian Collado , Kevin Stangl

Adversarial examples (AE) with good transferability enable practical black-box attacks on diverse target models, where insider knowledge about the target models is not required. Previous methods often generate AE with no or very limited…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Tao Wu , Tie Luo , Donald C. Wunsch

Previous work has shown that 3D point cloud classifiers can be vulnerable to adversarial examples. However, most of the existing methods are aimed at white-box attacks, where the parameters and other information of the classifiers are known…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-03 Jinali Zhang , Yinpeng Dong , Jun Zhu , Jihong Zhu , Minchi Kuang , Xiaming Yuan