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Artificial Intelligence (AI) models increasingly drive high-stakes consumer interactions, yet their decision logic often remains opaque. Prevailing explainable AI techniques rely on post hoc numerical feature attributions, which fail to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Xiang Cheng , Wen Wang , Anindya Ghose

Linear approximations to the decision boundary of a complex model have become one of the most popular tools for interpreting predictions. In this paper, we study such linear explanations produced either post-hoc by a few recent methods or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-01-31 Maruan Al-Shedivat , Avinava Dubey , Eric P. Xing

Recent Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly advanced natural language processing and automated decision-making. However, these models still encounter difficulties when performing complex reasoning tasks involving logical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Yubo Dong , Hehe Fan

Recommender systems are central to digital platforms, yet they face a fundamental trade-off between accuracy and explainability. Black-box models achieve strong performance but lack interpretability needed for trust and adoption. Existing…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Yuyan Wang , Pan Li , Minmin Chen

Learning-to-rank (LTR) is a class of supervised learning techniques that apply to ranking problems dealing with a large number of features. The popularity and widespread application of LTR models in prioritizing information in a variety of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-19 Jaspreet Singh , Zhenye Wang , Megha Khosla , Avishek Anand

Interpreting individual neurons in deep neural networks is a crucial step towards understanding their complex decision-making processes and ensuring AI safety. Despite recent progress in neuron labeling, existing methods often limit the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Vladimir Zaigrajew , Michał Piechota , Gaspar Sekula , Paweł Gelar , Przemysław Biecek

While pre-trained language models (LMs) have brought great improvements in many NLP tasks, there is increasing attention to explore capabilities of LMs and interpret their predictions. However, existing works usually focus only on a certain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-29 Yaozong Shen , Lijie Wang , Ying Chen , Xinyan Xiao , Jing Liu , Hua Wu

The success of neural networks builds to a large extent on their ability to create internal knowledge representations from real-world high-dimensional data, such as images, sound, or text. Approaches to extract and present these…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-01-03 Lars Holmberg , Paul Davidsson , Per Linde

Large Language Models (LLM) have experienced strong development in recent years, with varied applications. This paper uses LLMs to develop a post-hoc process that provides more elaborated explanations of the results of food recommendation…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Melissa Tessa , Diderot D. Cidjeu , Rachele Carli , Sarah Abchiche , Ahmad Aldarwishd , Igor Tchappi , Amro Najjar

Text-based explanation is a particularly promising approach in explainable AI, but the evaluation of text explanations is method-dependent. We argue that placing the explanations on an information-theoretic framework could unify the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Zining Zhu , Frank Rudzicz

Automatic legal text classification systems have been proposed in the literature to address knowledge extraction from judgments and detect their aspects. However, most of these systems are black boxes even when their models are…

We introduce a new dataset of logical entailments for the purpose of measuring models' ability to capture and exploit the structure of logical expressions against an entailment prediction task. We use this task to compare a series of…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2018-02-26 Richard Evans , David Saxton , David Amos , Pushmeet Kohli , Edward Grefenstette

Large language models (LLMs) often struggle with complex mathematical tasks, prone to "hallucinating" incorrect answers due to their reliance on statistical patterns. This limitation is further amplified in average Small LangSLMs with…

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are effective for node classification in graph-structured data, but they lack explainability, especially at the global level. Current research mainly utilizes subgraphs of the input as local explanations or…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Dominik Köhler , Stefan Heindorf

We present a generalizable classification approach that leverages Large Language Models (LLMs) to facilitate the detection of implicitly encoded social meaning in conversations. We design a multi-faceted prompt to extract a textual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-01 Ritam Dutt , Zhen Wu , Kelly Shi , Divyanshu Sheth , Prakhar Gupta , Carolyn Penstein Rose

Pretrained large Language Models (LLMs) are able to answer questions that are unlikely to have been encountered during training. However a diversity of potential applications exist in the broad domain of reasoning systems and considerations…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Tim Hartill

Phrases are fundamental linguistic units through which humans convey semantics. This study critically examines the capacity of API-based large language models (LLMs) to comprehend phrase semantics, utilizing three human-annotated datasets.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Rui Meng , Ye Liu , Lifu Tu , Daqing He , Yingbo Zhou , Semih Yavuz

Current Natural Language Inference (NLI) models achieve impressive results, sometimes outperforming humans when evaluating on in-distribution test sets. However, as these models are known to learn from annotation artefacts and dataset…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-24 Joe Stacey , Pasquale Minervini , Haim Dubossarsky , Marek Rei

Generating semantically coherent text requires a robust internal representation of linguistic structures, which traditional embedding techniques often fail to capture adequately. A novel approach, Latent Lexical Projection (LLP), is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Ziad Shaker , Brendan Ashdown , Hugo Fitzalan , Alistair Heathcote , Jocasta Huntington

Explanations in a recommender system assist users in making informed decisions among a set of recommended items. Great research attention has been devoted to generating natural language explanations to depict how the recommendations are…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-02-22 Peng Wang , Renqin Cai , Hongning Wang