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Quantum computation and communication rely on the ability to manipulate quantum states robustly and with high fidelity. Thus, some form of error correction is needed to protect fragile quantum superposition states from corruption by…

We work out a theory of approximate quantum error correction that allows us to derive a general lower bound for the entanglement fidelity of a quantum code. The lower bound is given in terms of Kraus operators of the quantum noise. This…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Rochus Klesse

The high-fidelity storage of quantum information is crucial for quantum computation and communication. Many experimental platforms for these applications exhibit highly biased noise, with good resilience to spin depolarisation undermined by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-31 Yannick Seis , Benjamin J. Brown , Anders S. Sørensen , Joseph F. Goodwin

Using convex optimization, we propose entanglement-assisted quantum error correction procedures that are optimized for given noise channels. We demonstrate through numerical examples that such an optimized error correction method achieves…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-10-28 Soraya Taghavi , Todd A. Brun , Daniel A. Lidar

Quantum error correction is instrumental in protecting quantum systems from noise in quantum computing and communication settings. Pauli channels can be efficiently simulated and threshold values for Pauli error rates under a variety of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-04-25 Christopher Chamberland , Joel J. Wallman , Stefanie Beale , Raymond Laflamme

Quantum error-correcting codes protect fragile quantum information by encoding it redundantly, but identifying codes that perform well in practice with minimal overhead remains difficult due to the combinatorial search space and the high…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-27 Yihua Chengyu , Richard Meister , Conor Carty , Sheng-Ku Lin , Roberto Bondesan

Recently a framework for assisted quantum error correction was proposed in which a specific type of error is allowed to occur on auxiliary qubits, which is in contrast to standard entanglement assistance that requires noiseless auxiliary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-07-31 Yuichiro Fujiwara

Fault-tolerant quantum computers rely on Quantum Error-Correcting Codes (QECCs) to protect information from noise. However, no single error-correcting code supports a fully transversal and therefore fault-tolerant implementation of all…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-05 Erik Weilandt , Tom Peham , Robert Wille

We study the properties of error correcting codes for noise models in the presence of asymmetries and/or correlations by means of the entanglement fidelity and the code entropy. First, we consider a dephasing Markovian memory channel and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-17 C. Cafaro , S. L'Innocente , C. Lupo , S. Mancini

The ability to execute a large number of quantum gates in parallel is a fundamental requirement for quantum error correction, allowing an error threshold to exist under the finite coherence time of physical qubits. Recently, two-dimensional…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-20 Fangxuan Liu , Gaoxiang Tang , Luming Duan , Yukai Wu

Quantum error correction (QEC) is an essential concept for any quantum information processing device. Typically, QEC is designed with minimal assumptions about the noise process; this generic assumption exacts a high cost in efficiency and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-06-26 Andrew S. Fletcher

Standard approaches to quantum error correction for fault-tolerant quantum computing are based on encoding a single logical qubit into many physical ones, resulting in asymptotically zero encoding rates and therefore huge resource…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-06 Hayato Goto

The essential insight of quantum error correction was that quantum information can be protected by suitably encoding this quantum information across multiple independently erred quantum systems. Recently it was realized that, since the most…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Dave Bacon , Andrea Casaccino

There are two complementary approaches to realizing quantum information so that it is protected from a given set of error operators. Both involve encoding information by means of subsystems. One is initialization-based error protection,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 E. Knill

Quantum computers herald the arrival of a new era in which previously intractable computational problems will be solved efficiently. However, quantum technology is held down by decoherence, a phenomenon that is omnipresent in the quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-17 Patricio Fuentes

There are well known necessary and sufficient conditions for a quantum code to correct a set of errors. We study weaker conditions under which a quantum code may correct errors with probabilities that may be less than one. We work with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Jesse Fern , John Terilla

Quantum error correction is a crucial tool for mitigating hardware errors in quantum computers by encoding logical information into multiple physical qubits. However, no single error-correcting code allows for an intrinsically…

We construct new families of multi-error-correcting quantum codes for the amplitude damping channel. Our key observation is that, with proper encoding, two uses of the amplitude damping channel simulate a quantum erasure channel. This…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-03-31 Runyao Duan , Markus Grassl , Zhengfeng Ji , Bei Zeng

This is an expository article aiming to introduce the reader to the underlying mathematics and geometry of quantum error correction. Information stored on quantum particles is subject to noise and interference from the environment. Quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-10 Simeon Ball , Aina Centelles , Felix Huber

Recent progress in quantum computing has enabled systems with tens of reliable logical qubits, built from thousands of noisy physical qubits. However, many impactful applications demand quantum computations with millions of logical qubits,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-26 Daiki Komoto , Kenta Kasai