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Federated Learning (FL) is susceptible to privacy attacks, such as data reconstruction attacks, in which a semi-honest server or a malicious client infers information about other clients' datasets from their model updates or gradients. To…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Abdullah Al Omar , Xin Yang , Euijin Choo , Omid Ardakanian

Machine Learning (ML) has become one of the most impactful fields of data science in recent years. However, a significant concern with ML is its privacy risks due to rising attacks against ML models. Privacy-Preserving Machine Learning…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Khoa Nguyen , Mindaugas Budzys , Eugene Frimpong , Tanveer Khan , Antonis Michalas

With the development of machine learning, it is difficult for a single server to process all the data. So machine learning tasks need to be spread across multiple servers, turning the centralized machine learning into a distributed one.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-05-13 Zoe L. Jiang , Jiajing Gu , Hongxiao Wang , Yulin Wu , Junbin Fang , Siu-Ming Yiu , Wenjian Luo , Xuan Wang

With the advent of functional encryption, new possibilities for computation on encrypted data have arisen. Functional Encryption enables data owners to grant third-party access to perform specified computations without disclosing their…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-19 Prajwal Panzade , Daniel Takabi

Multi-Key Homomorphic Encryption (MKHE), proposed by Lopez-Alt et al. (STOC 2012), allows for performing arithmetic computations directly on ciphertexts encrypted under distinct keys. Subsequent works by Chen and Dai et al. (CCS 2019) and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Jiahui Wu , Tiecheng Sun , Fucai Luo , Haiyan Wang , Weizhe Zhang

Two parties wish to collaborate on their datasets. However, before they reveal their datasets to each other, the parties want to have the guarantee that the collaboration would be fruitful. We look at this problem from the point of view of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Hassan Jameel Asghar , Zhigang Lu , Zhongrui Zhao , Dali Kaafar

Machine Learning (ML) has emerged as one of data science's most transformative and influential domains. However, the widespread adoption of ML introduces privacy-related concerns owing to the increasing number of malicious attacks targeting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-29 Eugene Frimpong , Khoa Nguyen , Mindaugas Budzys , Tanveer Khan , Antonis Michalas

The growing adoption of machine learning in sensitive areas such as healthcare and defense introduces significant privacy and security challenges. These domains demand robust data protection, as models depend on large volumes of sensitive…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Nges Brian Njungle , Michel A. Kinsy

We present the first theoretical convergence analysis of machine learning training under fully homomorphic encryption (FHE), combined with a differentially private (DP) training algorithm tailored to encrypted computation. Our approach…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Yvonne Zhou , Mingyu Liang , Ivan Brugere , Danial Dervovic , Yue Guo , Antigoni Polychroniadou , Min Wu , Dana Dachman-Soled

In the era of cloud computing, privacy-preserving computation offloading is crucial for safeguarding sensitive data. Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) enables secure processing of encrypted data, but the inherent computational complexity…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Jiaao Ma , Ceyu Xu , Lisa Wu Wills

Privacy protection has become an increasing concern in modern machine learning applications. Privacy-preserving machine learning (PPML) has attracted growing research attention, with approaches such as secure multiparty computation (MPC)…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Pengzhi Huang , Kiwan Maeng , G. Edward Suh

Privacy-preserving machine learning (PPML) is an emerging topic to handle secure machine learning inference over sensitive data in untrusted environments. Fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) enables computation directly on encrypted data on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Yu Hin Chan , Hao Yang , Shiyu Shen , Xingyu Fan , Shengzhe Lyu , Patrick S. Y. Hung , Ray C. C. Cheung

Federated Learning trains machine learning models on distributed devices by aggregating local model updates instead of local data. However, privacy concerns arise as the aggregated local models on the server may reveal sensitive personal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Weizhao Jin , Yuhang Yao , Shanshan Han , Jiajun Gu , Carlee Joe-Wong , Srivatsan Ravi , Salman Avestimehr , Chaoyang He

Federated Learning (FL) solutions with central Differential Privacy (DP) have seen large improvements in their utility in recent years arising from the matrix mechanism, while FL solutions with distributed (more private) DP have lagged…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Alexander Bienstock , Ujjwal Kumar , Antigoni Polychroniadou

Fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) is one of the prospective tools for privacypreserving machine learning (PPML), and several PPML models have been proposed based on various FHE schemes and approaches. Although the FHE schemes are known as…

The widespread deployment of products powered by machine learning models is raising concerns around data privacy and information security worldwide. To address this issue, Federated Learning was first proposed as a privacy-preserving…

Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative training while keeping sensitive data on clients' devices, but local model updates can still leak private information. Hybrid Homomorphic Encryption (HHE) has recently been applied to FL to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Ivan Costa , Pedro Correia , Ivone Amorim , Eva Maia , Isabel Praça

Quantum Federated Learning (QFL) enables distributed training of Quantum Machine Learning (QML) models by sharing model gradients instead of raw data. However, these gradients can still expose sensitive user information. To enhance privacy,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Lukas Böhm , Arjhun Swaminathan , Anika Hannemann , Erik Buchmann

This paper presents \textit{OFHE}, an electro-optical accelerator designed to process Discretized TFHE (DTFHE) operations, which encrypt multi-bit messages and support homomorphic multiplications, lookup table operations and full-domain…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Mengxin Zheng , Cheng Chu , Qian Lou , Nathan Youngblood , Mo Li , Sajjad Moazeni , Lei Jiang

Privacy-preserving federated learning (PPFL) aims to train a global model for multiple clients while maintaining their data privacy. However, current PPFL protocols exhibit one or more of the following insufficiencies: considerable…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Wenhan Dong , Chao Lin , Xinlei He , Shengmin Xu , Xinyi Huang
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