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Conventional Federated Learning (FL) involves collaborative training of a global model while maintaining user data privacy. One of its branches, decentralized FL, is a serverless network that allows clients to own and optimize different…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Chun-Yin Huang , Kartik Srinivas , Xin Zhang , Xiaoxiao Li

Federated Learning (FL) enables decentralised model training across distributed clients without requiring data centralisation. However, the generalisation performance of the global model is usually degraded by data heterogeneity across…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Ozgu Goksu , Nicolas Pugeault

Federated learning (FL) triggers intra-client and inter-client class imbalance, with the latter compared to the former leading to biased client updates and thus deteriorating the distributed models. Such a bias is exacerbated during the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Chenguang Xiao , Zheming Zuo , Shuo Wang

Multimodal Federated Learning (MFL) enables clients with heterogeneous data modalities to collaboratively train models without sharing raw data, offering a privacy-preserving framework that leverages complementary cross-modal information.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Min Tan , Junchao Ma , Yinfu Feng , Jiajun Ding , Wenwen Pan , Tingting Han , Qian Zheng , Zhenzhong Kuang , Zhou Yu

Federated Learning (FL) enables decentralized model training across clients without sharing raw data, but its performance degrades under real-world data heterogeneity. Existing methods often fail to address distribution shift across clients…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Mohan Li , Dario Fenoglio , Martin Gjoreski , Marc Langheinrich

Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative model training across decentralized devices while preserving data privacy. However, traditional FL suffers from communication overhead, system heterogeneity, and straggler effects. Asynchronous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Ali Forootani , Raffaele Iervolino

Federated learning is an emerging paradigm for decentralized training of machine learning models on distributed clients, without revealing the data to the central server. Most existing works have focused on horizontal or vertical data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Jaeyeon Jang , Diego Klabjan , Veena Mendiratta , Fanfei Meng

Federated Learning (FL) has emerged as a promising framework for distributed machine learning, enabling collaborative model training without sharing local data, thereby preserving privacy and enhancing security. However, data heterogeneity…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Changlong Shi , He Zhao , Bingjie Zhang , Mingyuan Zhou , Dandan Guo , Yi Chang

Federated Learning(FL) is popular as a privacy-preserving machine learning paradigm for generating a single model on decentralized data. However, statistical heterogeneity poses a significant challenge for FL. As a subfield of FL,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Keting Yin , Jiayi Mao

Federated Learning (FL) allows training machine learning models in privacy-constrained scenarios by enabling the cooperation of edge devices without requiring local data sharing. This approach raises several challenges due to the different…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-02 Riccardo Zaccone , Andrea Rizzardi , Debora Caldarola , Marco Ciccone , Barbara Caputo

We propose a novel framework to study asynchronous federated learning optimization with delays in gradient updates. Our theoretical framework extends the standard FedAvg aggregation scheme by introducing stochastic aggregation weights to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Yann Fraboni , Richard Vidal , Laetitia Kameni , Marco Lorenzi

Traditional Federated Learning (FL) faces significant challenges in terms of efficiency and accuracy, particularly in heterogeneous environments where clients employ diverse model architectures and have varying computational resources. Such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Jiacheng Wang , Hongtao Lv , Lei Liu

Federated learning learns from scattered data by fusing collaborative models from local nodes. However, the conventional coordinate-based model averaging by FedAvg ignored the random information encoded per parameter and may suffer from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-30 Fuxun Yu , Weishan Zhang , Zhuwei Qin , Zirui Xu , Di Wang , Chenchen Liu , Zhi Tian , Xiang Chen

Fairness has emerged as one of the key challenges in federated learning. In horizontal federated settings, data heterogeneity often leads to substantial performance disparities across clients, raising concerns about equitable model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-18 ShanBin Liu

Federated learning protects data privacy and security by exchanging models instead of data. However, unbalanced data distributions among participating clients compromise the accuracy and convergence speed of federated learning algorithms.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-11 Qilong Wu , Lin Liu , Shibei Xue

Federated Learning (FL) is a privacy-protected machine learning paradigm that allows model to be trained directly at the edge without uploading data. One of the biggest challenges faced by FL in practical applications is the heterogeneity…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-20 Zirui Zhu , Ziyi Ye

Federated Learning (FL) enables a group of clients to collaboratively train a model without sharing individual data, but its performance drops when client data are heterogeneous. Clustered FL tackles this by grouping similar clients.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Anik Pramanik , Murat Kantarcioglu , Vincent Oria , Shantanu Sharma

Federated Learning (FL) has emerged as a promising approach for privacy-preserving model training across decentralized devices. However, it faces challenges such as statistical heterogeneity and susceptibility to adversarial attacks, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Jialuo He , Wei Chen , Xiaojin Zhang

Federated learning (FL) enables collaborative training of a global model in the centralized server with data from multiple parties while preserving privacy. However, data heterogeneity can significantly degrade the performance of the global…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Yong Zhang , Feng Liang , Guanghu Yuan , Min Yang , Chengming Li , Xiping Hu

Federated learning (FL) is an emerging technique that trains massive and geographically distributed edge data while maintaining privacy. However, FL has inherent challenges in terms of fairness and computational efficiency due to the rising…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-28 Yingchun Wang , Jingcai Guo , Jie Zhang , Song Guo , Weizhan Zhang , Qinghua Zheng