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Decision trees are ubiquitous in machine learning for their ease of use and interpretability. Yet, these models are not typically employed in reinforcement learning as they cannot be updated online via stochastic gradient descent. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-29 Andrew Silva , Taylor Killian , Ivan Dario Jimenez Rodriguez , Sung-Hyun Son , Matthew Gombolay

Decision Trees have remained a popular machine learning method for tabular datasets, mainly due to their interpretability. However, they lack the expressiveness needed to handle highly nonlinear or unstructured datasets. Motivated by recent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Dimitris Bertsimas , Lisa Everest , Jiayi Gu , Matthew Peroni , Vasiliki Stoumpou

Model-based methods for recommender systems have been studied extensively in recent years. In systems with large corpus, however, the calculation cost for the learnt model to predict all user-item preferences is tremendous, which makes full…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-12-24 Han Zhu , Xiang Li , Pengye Zhang , Guozheng Li , Jie He , Han Li , Kun Gai

We define simple variants of zip trees, called zip-zip trees, which provide several advantages over zip trees, including overcoming a bias that favors smaller keys over larger ones. We analyze zip-zip trees theoretically and empirically,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Ofek Gila , Michael T. Goodrich , Robert E. Tarjan

Lazy search trees (Sandlund & Wild FOCS 2020, Sandlund & Zhang SODA 2022) are sorted dictionaries whose update and query performance smoothly interpolates between that of efficient priority queues and binary search trees - automatically,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Casper Moldrup Rysgaard , Sebastian Wild

Recently proposed budding tree is a decision tree algorithm in which every node is part internal node and part leaf. This allows representing every decision tree in a continuous parameter space, and therefore a budding tree can be jointly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-12-22 Ozan İrsoy , Ethem Alpaydın

Decision trees are among the most popular machine learning models and are used routinely in applications ranging from revenue management and medicine to bioinformatics. In this paper, we consider the problem of learning optimal binary…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-20 Sina Aghaei , Andrés Gómez , Phebe Vayanos

Gradient Boosted Decision Trees (GBDTs) are dominant machine learning algorithms for modeling discrete or tabular data. Unlike neural networks with millions of trainable parameters, GBDTs optimize loss function in an additive manner and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Jean Pachebat , Sergei Ivanov

We address the problem of learning binary decision trees that partition data for some downstream task. We propose to learn discrete parameters (i.e., for tree traversals and node pruning) and continuous parameters (i.e., for tree split…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Valentina Zantedeschi , Matt J. Kusner , Vlad Niculae

We introduce the lazy search tree data structure. The lazy search tree is a comparison-based data structure on the pointer machine that supports order-based operations such as rank, select, membership, predecessor, successor, minimum, and…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-10-20 Bryce Sandlund , Sebastian Wild

Within machine learning, the supervised learning field aims at modeling the input-output relationship of a system, from past observations of its behavior. Decision trees characterize the input-output relationship through a series of nested…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-05-20 Arnaud Joly

Neural Networks and Decision Trees: two popular techniques for supervised learning that are seemingly disconnected in their formulation and optimization method, have recently been combined in a single construct. The connection pivots on…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-02-27 Giuseppe Nuti , Lluís Antoni Jiménez Rugama , Kaspar Thommen

Recent methodologies in LLM self-training mostly rely on LLM generating responses and filtering those with correct output answers as training data. This approach often yields a low-quality fine-tuning training set (e.g., incorrect plans or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Dan Zhang , Sining Zhoubian , Ziniu Hu , Yisong Yue , Yuxiao Dong , Jie Tang

Strong Branching (SB) is a cornerstone of all modern branching rules used in the Branch-and-Bound (BnB) algorithm, which is at the center of Mixed-Integer Programming solvers. In its full form, SB evaluates all variables to branch on and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-04-08 Gioni Mexi , Somayeh Shamsi , Mathieu Besançon , Pierre Le Bodic

We consider the problem of learning classification trees that are robust to distribution shifts between training and testing/deployment data. This problem arises frequently in high stakes settings such as public health and social work where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Nathan Justin , Sina Aghaei , Andrés Gómez , Phebe Vayanos

Policy tree search is a family of tree search algorithms that use a policy to guide the search. These algorithms provide guarantees on the number of expansions required to solve a given problem that are based on the quality of the policy.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Jake Tuero , Michael Buro , Levi H. S. Lelis

In order to speed-up classification models when facing a large number of categories, one usual approach consists in organizing the categories in a particular structure, this structure being then used as a way to speed-up the prediction…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-11-26 Aurélia Léon , Ludovic Denoyer

Differentiable forest is an ensemble of decision trees with full differentiability. Its simple tree structure is easy to use and explain. With full differentiability, it would be trained in the end-to-end learning framework with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-08 Yingshi Chen

Several structure-learning algorithms for staged trees, asymmetric extensions of Bayesian networks, have been proposed. However, these either do not scale efficiently as the number of variables considered increases, a priori restrict the…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-11-15 Peter Strong , Jim Q. Smith

The complexity of an algorithm is an important parameter to determine its effi-ciency. They are of different types viz. Time complexity, Space complexity, etc. However, none of them consider the execution path as a complexity measure. Ashok…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2014-04-21 Nishant Doshi