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The thermalization of quark-gluon plasma created in heavy-ion collisions is crucial for understanding its behavior as a relativistic fluid and the thermodynamic properties of the Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). This study investigates the…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2025-09-19 Yu-Shan Mu , Jing-An Sun , Li Yan , Xu-Guang Huang

The system formed in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions behaves as a nearly-perfect fluid. This collective behavior is probed experimentally by two-particle azimuthal correlations, which are typically averaged over the properties of one…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2013-03-28 Fernando G. Gardim , Frederique Grassi , Matthew Luzum , Jean-Yves Ollitrault

The Helmholtz free energy density is parametrized as a function of temperature and baryon density near the chiral critical point of QCD. The parametrization incorporates the expected critical exponents and amplitudes. An expansion away from…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2014-11-21 Joseph Kapusta

We discuss universal properties of higher order cumulants of net baryon number fluctuations and point out their relevance for the analysis of freeze-out and critical conditions in heavy ion collisions at LHC and RHIC.

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2015-05-30 Frithjof Karsch

Collections of self-propelled particles that move persistently by continuously consuming free energy are a paradigmatic example of active matter. In these systems, unlike Brownian "hot colloids", the breakdown of detailed balance yields a…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2018-09-12 Suraj Shankar , M. Cristina Marchetti

We show that, in ideal-spin hydrodynamics, the components of the spin tensor follow damped wave equations. The damping rate is related to nonlocal collisions of the particles in the fluid, which enter at first order in $\hbar$ in a…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2025-02-10 David Wagner , Masoud Shokri , Dirk H. Rischke

This report summarizes the presentations and discussions during the Rapid Reaction Task Force "Dynamics of critical fluctuations: Theory -- phenomenology -- heavy-ion collisions", which was organized by the ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI and…

Fluctuation theorems are a generalization of thermodynamics on small scales and provide the tools to characterize the fluctuations of thermodynamic quantities in non-equilibrium nanoscale systems. They are particularly important for…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2014-04-03 Jan Gieseler , Romain Quidant , Christoph Dellago , Lukas Novotny

The D-measure of net-charge fluctuations quantifies the variance of net charge in strongly interacting matter. It was introduced over 20 years ago as a potential signal of quark-gluon plasma (QGP) in heavy-ion collisions, where it is…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-12-10 Jonathan Parra , Roman Poberezhniuk , Volker Koch , Claudia Ratti , Volodymyr Vovchenko

A new effective theory framework for fluctuating hydrodynamics in the relativistic regime is derived using standard thermodynamical principles and general properties of non-equilibrium stochastic dynamics. For the first time, we establish…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2025-01-09 Nicki Mullins , Mauricio Hippert , Jorge Noronha

We analyze event-by-event fluctuations of the transverse momentum in relativistic heavy-ion collisions at RHIC in the framework based on the fluctuating Glauber-model initial conditions, event-by-event (3+1)-dimensional viscous…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2012-04-26 Piotr Bozek , Wojciech Broniowski

This proceeding briefly summarizes our recent work on calculating the correlated fluctuations of net protons on the hydrodynamic freeze-out surface near the QCD critical point. For both Poisson and Binomial baselines, our calculations could…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2016-11-23 Lijia Jiang , Pengfei Li , Huichao Song

Hydrodynamic description requires a local thermodynamic equilibrium of the system under study but an approximate hydrodynamic behaviour is already manifested when a momentum distribution of liquid components is not of equilibrium form but…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-11-11 Stanislaw Mrowczynski

This work presents a general unifying theoretical framework for quantum non-equilibrium systems. It is based on a re-statement of the dynamical problem as one of inferring the distribution of collision events that move a system toward…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-30 David M. Rogers

We extract chemical freeze-out conditions via a thermal model approach from fluctuation observables measured at RHIC and compare with results from lattice QCD and statistical hadronization model fits. The possible influence of additional…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2014-08-21 Marcus Bluhm , Paolo Alba , Wanda Alberico , Rene Bellwied , Valentina Mantovani Sarti , Marlene Nahrgang , Claudia Ratti

The fluctuation-dissipation theorem is a fundamental result in statistical physics that establishes a connection between the response of a system subject to a perturbation and the fluctuations associated with observables in equilibrium.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-03 Tanmoy Biswas , A. de Oliveira Junior , Michał Horodecki , Kamil Korzekwa

The thermodynamic and kinetic uncertainty relations indicate trade-offs between the relative fluctuation of observables and thermodynamic quantities such as dissipation and dynamical activity. Although these relations have been well studied…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-04-12 Tan Van Vu , Keiji Saito

We calculate cumulants of fluctuations of net-baryon number, net-electric charge and net-strangeness, in the framework of lattice regularized QCD. We use a highly improved staggered quark (HISQ) action on lattices with temporal extent of…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2013-01-29 Christian Schmidt

We use fluctuating hydrodynamics to analyze the dynamical properties in the non-equilibrium steady state of a diffusive system coupled with reservoirs. We derive the two-time correlations of the density and of the current in the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2016-11-23 Tridib Sadhu , Bernard Derrida

The late-time equilibrium behavior of generic interacting models is determined by the coupled hydrodynamic equations associated with the globally conserved quantities. In the presence of an external time-dependent drive, non-integrable…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2025-06-10 Haoyu Guo , Rohit Mukherjee , Debanjan Chowdhury