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Related papers: Token Turing Machines

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Transformers are widely used in computer vision areas and have achieved remarkable success. Most state-of-the-art approaches split images into regular grids and represent each grid region with a vision token. However, fixed token…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Wang Zeng , Sheng Jin , Lumin Xu , Wentao Liu , Chen Qian , Wanli Ouyang , Ping Luo , Xiaogang Wang

Constant bit-size Transformers are known to be Turing complete, but existing constructions require $\Omega(s(n))$ chain-of-thought (CoT) steps per simulated Turing machine (TM) step, leading to impractical reasoning lengths. In this paper,…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Qian Li , Yuyi Wang

Discrete image tokenizers have emerged as a key component of modern vision and multimodal systems, providing a sequential interface for transformer-based architectures. However, most existing approaches remain primarily optimized for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Aram Davtyan , Yusuf Sahin , Yasaman Haghighi , Sebastian Stapf , Pablo Acuaviva , Alexandre Alahi , Paolo Favaro

Topic modelling was mostly dominated by Bayesian graphical models during the last decade. With the rise of transformers in Natural Language Processing, however, several successful models that rely on straightforward clustering approaches in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-07 Arik Reuter , Anton Thielmann , Christoph Weisser , Benjamin Säfken , Thomas Kneib

We have defined the Conscious Turing Machine (CTM) for the purpose of investigating a Theoretical Computer Science (TCS) approach to consciousness. For this, we have hewn to the TCS demand for simplicity and understandability. The CTM is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-03-31 Lenore Blum , Manuel Blum

Token serves as the fundamental unit of computation in modern autoregressive models, and generation length directly influences both inference cost and reasoning performance. Despite its importance, existing approaches lack fine-grained…

Recent advances in unsupervised video object segmentation have highlighted the potential of two-stream architectures that integrate appearance and motion cues. However, fully leveraging these complementary sources of information requires…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Inseok Jeon , Suhwan Cho , Minhyeok Lee , Seunghoon Lee , Minseok Kang , Jungho Lee , Chaewon Park , Donghyeong Kim , Sangyoun Lee

Table structure recognition (TSR) aims to convert tabular images into a machine-readable format, where a visual encoder extracts image features and a textual decoder generates table-representing tokens. Existing approaches use classic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-10 ShengYun Peng , Seongmin Lee , Xiaojing Wang , Rajarajeswari Balasubramaniyan , Duen Horng Chau

Effectively learning from sequential data is a longstanding goal of Artificial Intelligence, especially in the case of long sequences. From the dawn of Machine Learning, several researchers have pursued algorithms and architectures capable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Matteo Tiezzi , Michele Casoni , Alessandro Betti , Marco Gori , Stefano Melacci

Human actions captured in video sequences contain two crucial factors for action recognition, i.e., visual appearance and motion dynamics. To model these two aspects, Convolutional and Recurrent Neural Networks (CNNs and RNNs) are adopted…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-05-01 Yuan Yuan , Dong Wang , Qi Wang

The Neural Turing Machine (NTM) is more expressive than all previously considered models because of its external memory. It can be viewed as a broader effort to use abstract external Interfaces and to learn a parametric model that interacts…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-01-13 Wojciech Zaremba , Ilya Sutskever

We describe a new spatio-temporal video autoencoder, based on a classic spatial image autoencoder and a novel nested temporal autoencoder. The temporal encoder is represented by a differentiable visual memory composed of convolutional long…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-09-02 Viorica Patraucean , Ankur Handa , Roberto Cipolla

Time-Series Mining (TSM) is an important research area since it shows great potential in practical applications. Deep learning models that rely on massive labeled data have been utilized for TSM successfully. However, constructing a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Qianli Ma , Zhen Liu , Zhenjing Zheng , Ziyang Huang , Siying Zhu , Zhongzhong Yu , James T. Kwok

Non-volatile Memory (NVM) technologies present a promising alternative to traditional volatile memories such as SRAM and DRAM. Due to the limited availability of real NVM devices, simulators play a crucial role in architectural exploration…

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), and specifically a variant with Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), are enjoying renewed interest as a result of successful applications in a wide range of machine learning problems that involve sequential data.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-11-18 Andrej Karpathy , Justin Johnson , Li Fei-Fei

Deep neural networks based methods have been proved to achieve outstanding performance on object detection and classification tasks. Despite significant performance improvement, due to the deep structures, they still require prohibitive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-01-08 Mohammad Farhadi , Yezhou Yang

Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) and transformers have been shown to be Turing-complete, but this result assumes infinite precision in their hidden representations, positional encodings for transformers, and unbounded computation time in…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2023-09-27 Ankur Mali , Alexander Ororbia , Daniel Kifer , Lee Giles

Recurrent Neural Networks can be trained to produce sequences of tokens given some input, as exemplified by recent results in machine translation and image captioning. The current approach to training them consists of maximizing the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-09-24 Samy Bengio , Oriol Vinyals , Navdeep Jaitly , Noam Shazeer

Temporal modeling plays a crucial role in understanding video content. To tackle this problem, previous studies built complicated temporal relations through time sequence thanks to the development of computationally powerful devices. In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-23 Wenhao Wu , Yuxin Song , Zhun Sun , Jingdong Wang , Chang Xu , Wanli Ouyang

Accurate representation of moist convective sub-grid-scale processes remains a major challenge in global climate models, as traditional parameterization schemes are both computationally expensive and difficult to scale. Neural network (NN)…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2026-04-24 Shuochen Wang , Nishant Yadav , Joy Merwin Monteiro , Auroop R. Ganguly