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The odd-red bipartite perfect matching problem asks to find a perfect matching containing an odd number of red edges in a given red-blue edge-colored bipartite graph. While this problem lies in $\mathsf{P}$, its polyhedral structure remains…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Martin Nägele , Christian Nöbel , Rico Zenklusen

In 1982 Papadimitriou and Yannakakis introduced the Exact Matching problem, in which given a red and blue edge-colored graph $G$ and an integer $k$ one has to decide whether there exists a perfect matching in $G$ with exactly $k$ red edges.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-07-06 Anita Dürr , Nicolas El Maalouly , Lasse Wulf

In the Exact Matching problem, we are given a graph whose edges are colored red or blue and the task is to decide for a given integer k, if there is a perfect matching with exactly k red edges. Since 1987 it is known that the Exact Matching…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Nicolas El Maalouly , Sebastian Haslebacher , Lasse Wulf

Given an integer $k$ and a graph where every edge is colored either red or blue, the goal of the exact matching problem is to find a perfect matching with the property that exactly $k$ of its edges are red. Soon after Papadimitriou and…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-10-02 Nicolas {El Maalouly} , Raphael Steiner , Lasse Wulf

The Exact Matching problem asks whether a bipartite graph with edges colored red and blue admits a perfect matching with exactly $t$ red edges. Introduced by Papadimitriou and Yannakakis in 1982, the problem has resisted deterministic…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Yuefeng Du

We consider, for complete bipartite graphs, the convex hulls of characteristic vectors of all matchings, extended by a binary entry indicating whether the matching contains two specific edges. These polytopes are associated to the quadratic…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2019-04-09 Matthias Walter

In the Exact Matching Problem (EM), we are given a graph equipped with a fixed coloring of its edges with two colors (red and blue), as well as a positive integer $k$. The task is then to decide whether the given graph contains a perfect…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-07-14 Nicolas El Maalouly , Raphael Steiner

In a graph, a perfect matching cut is an edge cut that is a perfect matching. Perfect Matching Cut (PMC) is the problem of deciding whether a given graph has a perfect matching cut, and is known to be NP-complete. We revisit the problem and…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2021-07-15 Van Bang Le , Jan Arne Telle

The Exact Matching (EM) problem asks whether there exists a perfect matching which uses a prescribed number of red edges in a red/blue edge-colored graph. While there exists a randomized polynomial-time algorithm for the problem, only some…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Nicolas El Maalouly , Kostas Lakis

Perfect Matching-Cut is the problem of deciding whether a graph has a perfect matching that contains an edge-cut. We show that this problem is NP-complete for planar graphs with maximum degree four, for planar graphs with girth five, for…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-11-01 Valentin Bouquet , Christophe Picouleau

The aim of this note is to provide a reduction of the Exact Matching problem to the Top-$k$ Perfect Matching Problem. Together with earlier work by El Maalouly, this shows that the two problems are polynomial-time equivalent. The Exact…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-09-21 Nicolas El Maalouly , Lasse Wulf

Haxell's condition is a natural hypergraph analog of Hall's condition, which is a well-known necessary and sufficient condition for a bipartite graph to admit a perfect matching. That is, when Haxell's condition holds it forces the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-12-06 Chidambaram Annamalai

We consider the computational problem of finding short paths in the skeleton of the perfect matching polytope of a bipartite graph. We prove that unless $P=NP$, there is no polynomial-time algorithm that computes a path of constant length…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-10-27 Jean Cardinal , Raphael Steiner

We show that the number of $k$-matching in a given undirected graph $G$ is equal to the number of perfect matching of the corresponding graph $G_k$ on an even number of vertices divided by a suitable factor. If $G$ is bipartite then one can…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2016-08-31 Shmuel Friedland , Daniel Levy

The $k$ red domination problem for a bipartite graph $G=(X,Y,E)$ is to find a subset $D \subseteq X$ of cardinality at most $k$ that dominates vertices of $Y$. The decision version of this problem is NP-complete for general bipartite graphs…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-03-22 Nesrine Abbas

We consider the red-blue-yellow matching problem: given two natural numbers $k_R$, $k_B$ and a graph $G$ whose edges are colored red, blue or yellow, the goal is to find a matching of $G$ that contains exactly $k_R$ red edges and exactly…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-27 Manuel Aprile , Marco Di Summa

We discuss the question whether the existence of perfect matchings in a cubic graph can be seen from the spectrum of its adjacency matrix. For regular graphs in general and for three edge-disjoint perfect matchings in a cubic graph (that…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-01-08 Willem H. Haemers

In 1982, Papadimitriou and Yannakakis introduced the Exact Matching (EM) problem where given an edge colored graph, with colors red and blue, and an integer $k$, the goal is to decide whether or not the graph contains a perfect matching…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-12-29 Nicolas El Maalouly

A perfect matching in an undirected graph $G=(V,E)$ is a set of vertex disjoint edges from $E$ that include all vertices in $V$. The perfect matching problem is to decide if $G$ has such a matching. Recently Rothvo{\ss} proved the striking…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2018-04-26 David Avis , David Bremner , Hans Raj Tiwary , Osamu Watanabe

In this paper, we generalize the notions of perfect matchings, perfect 2-matchings to perfect k-matchings and give a necessary and sufficient condition for existence of perfect k-matchings. For bipartite graphs, we show that this k-matching…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-08-26 Hongliang Lu
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