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Generating a novel and optimized molecule with desired chemical properties is an essential part of the drug discovery process. Failure to meet one of the required properties can frequently lead to failure in a clinical test which is costly.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-28 Bonggun Shin , Sungsoo Park , JinYeong Bak , Joyce C. Ho

Well-designed molecular representations (fingerprints) are vital to combine medical chemistry and deep learning. Whereas incorporating 3D geometry of molecules (i.e. conformations) in their representations seems beneficial, current 3D…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Ziyao Li , Shuwen Yang , Guojie Song , Lingsheng Cai

Drug optimization has become increasingly crucial in light of fast-mutating virus strains and drug-resistant cancer cells. Nevertheless, it remains challenging as it necessitates retaining the beneficial properties of the original drug…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-08-12 Xuefeng Liu , Songhao Jiang , Ian Foster , Jinbo Xu , Rick Stevens

Generative AI presents chemists with novel ideas for drug design and facilitates the exploration of vast chemical spaces. Diffusion models (DMs), an emerging tool, have recently attracted great attention in drug R\&D. This paper…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-07-14 Peining Zhang , Daniel Baker , Minghu Song , Jinbo Bi

Effective representation of molecules is a crucial factor affecting the performance of artificial intelligence models. This study introduces a flexible, fragment-based, multiscale molecular representation framework called t-SMILES…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Juan-Ni Wu , Tong Wang , Yue Chen , Li-Juan Tang , Hai-Long Wu , Ru-Qin Yu

Optimizing chemical molecules for desired properties lies at the core of drug development. Despite initial successes made by deep generative models and reinforcement learning methods, these methods were mostly limited by the requirement of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-01 Shuangjia Zheng , Ying Song , Zhang Pan , Chengtao Li , Le Song , Yuedong Yang

We present a perspective on molecular machine learning (ML) in the field of chemical process engineering. Recently, molecular ML has demonstrated great potential in (i) providing highly accurate predictions for properties of pure components…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2025-09-01 Jan G. Rittig , Manuel Dahmen , Martin Grohe , Philippe Schwaller , Alexander Mitsos

A significant challenge in wet lab experiments with current drug design generative models is the trade-off between pharmacological properties and synthesizability. Molecules predicted to have highly desirable properties are often difficult…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Songtao Liu , Dandan Zhang , Zhengkai Tu , Hanjun Dai , Peng Liu

Learning meaningful representations from medical time series (MedTS) such as ECG or EEG signals is a critical challenge. These signals are often high-dimensional, variable-length and rife with noise. Existing self-supervised approaches,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Huayu Li , ZhengXiao He , Xiwen Chen , Jingjing Wang , Siyuan Tian , Jinghao Wen , Ao Li

Synthesizability in small molecule generative design remains a bottleneck. Existing works that do consider synthesizability can output predicted synthesis routes for generated molecules. However, there has been minimal attention in…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-05-14 Jeff Guo , Víctor Sabanza-Gil , Zlatko Jončev , Jeremy S. Luterbacher , Philippe Schwaller

Drug response prediction (DRP) is a crucial phase in drug discovery, and the most important metric for its evaluation is the IC50 score. DRP results are heavily dependent on the quality of the generated molecules. Existing molecule…

Molecular Networks · Quantitative Biology 2024-05-24 Kun Li , Xiuwen Gong , Shirui Pan , Jia Wu , Bo Du , Wenbin Hu

In this paper, we discuss the generation of symbols (and alphabets) based on specific user requirements (medium, priorities, type of information that needs to be conveyed). A framework for the generation of alphabets is proposed, and its…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2017-09-29 Serhii Hamotskyi , Anis Rojbi , Sergii Stirenko , Yuri Gordienko

Generative models in molecular design tend to be richly parameterized, data-hungry neural models, as they must create complex structured objects as outputs. Estimating such models from data may be challenging due to the lack of sufficient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-17 Kevin Yang , Wengong Jin , Kyle Swanson , Regina Barzilay , Tommi Jaakkola

One challenging and essential task in biochemistry is the generation of novel molecules with desired properties. Novel molecule generation remains a challenge since the molecule space is difficult to navigate through, and the generated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-14 Anand A. Rajasekar , Karthik Raman , Balaraman Ravindran

Due to the vast design space of molecules, generating molecules conditioned on a specific sub-structure relevant to a particular function or therapeutic target is a crucial task in computer-aided drug design. Existing works mainly focus on…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2024-12-24 Qi Zhengyang , Liu Zijing , Zhang Jiying , Cao He , Li Yu

Accurate prediction of molecular properties is essential in drug discovery and related fields. However, existing graph neural networks (GNNs) often struggle to simultaneously capture both local and global molecular structures. In this work,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-26 XiaYu Liu , Chao Fan , Yang Liu , Hou-biao Li

Rapid advancements in machine learning (ML) are transforming materials science by significantly speeding up material property calculations. However, the proliferation of ML approaches has made it challenging for scientists to keep up with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Ali Ramlaoui , Théo Saulus , Basile Terver , Victor Schmidt , David Rolnick , Fragkiskos D. Malliaros , Alexandre Duval

With recent progress in deep generative models, the problem of identifying synthetic data and comparing their underlying generative processes has become an imperative task for various reasons, including fighting visual misinformation and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-07 Hae Jin Song , Wael AbdAlmageed

SMILES is a linear representation of chemical structures which encodes the connection table, and the stereochemistry of a molecule as a line of text with a grammar structure denoting atoms, bonds, rings and chains, and this information can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-03 Arindam Paul , Dipendra Jha , Reda Al-Bahrani , Wei-keng Liao , Alok Choudhary , Ankit Agrawal

Molecular representation learning is pivotal for various molecular property prediction tasks related to drug discovery. Robust and accurate benchmarks are essential for refining and validating current methods. Existing molecular property…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2024-06-27 Shikun Feng , Jiaxin Zheng , Yinjun Jia , Yanwen Huang , Fengfeng Zhou , Wei-Ying Ma , Yanyan Lan