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We introduce a framework for generating Chain-of-Thought (CoT) rationales to enhance text-to-SQL model fine-tuning. These rationales consist of intermediate SQL statements and explanations, serving as incremental steps toward constructing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Gaetano Rossiello , Nhan Pham , Michael Glass , Junkyu Lee , Dharmashankar Subramanian

Chain of Thought (CoT) prompting can encourage language models to engage in multi-step logical reasoning. The quality of the provided demonstrations significantly influences the success of downstream inference tasks. Current unsupervised…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Yufeng Zhang , Xuepeng Wang , Lingxiang Wu , Jinqiao Wang

We equip a smaller Language Model to generalise to answering challenging compositional questions that have not been seen in training. To do so we propose a combination of multitask supervised pretraining on up to 93 tasks designed to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Tim Hartill , Neset Tan , Michael Witbrock , Patricia J. Riddle

Chain-of-thought reasoning, while powerful, can produce unnecessarily verbose output for simpler problems. We present a framework for difficulty-aware reasoning that teaches models to dynamically adjust reasoning depth based on problem…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Abdul Waheed , Chancharik Mitra , Laurie Z. Wang , Deva Ramanan , Bhiksha Raj

The output quality of large language models (LLMs) can be improved via "reasoning": generating segments of chain-of-thought (CoT) content to further condition the model prior to producing user-facing output. While these chains contain…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Rock Yuren Pang , K. J. Kevin Feng , Shangbin Feng , Chu Li , Weijia Shi , Yulia Tsvetkov , Jeffrey Heer , Katharina Reinecke

This paper primarily demonstrates a method to quantitatively assess the alignment between multi-step, structured reasoning in large language models and human preferences. We introduce the Alignment Score, a semantic-level metric that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Boxuan Wang , Zhuoyun Li , Xinmiao Huang , Xiaowei Huang , Yi Dong

We present the surprising finding that a language model's reasoning capabilities can be improved by training on synthetic datasets of chain-of-thought (CoT) traces from more capable models, even when all of those traces lead to an incorrect…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Abhranil Chandra , Ayush Agrawal , Arian Hosseini , Sebastian Fischmeister , Rishabh Agarwal , Navin Goyal , Aaron Courville

Complex question answering often requires finding a reasoning chain that consists of multiple evidence pieces. Current approaches incorporate the strengths of structured knowledge and unstructured text, assuming text corpora is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-14 Chen Zhao , Chenyan Xiong , Jordan Boyd-Graber , Hal Daumé

Neural reasoning accuracy improves when generating intermediate reasoning steps. However, the source of this improvement is yet unclear. Here, we investigate and factorize the benefit of generating intermediate steps for symbolic reasoning.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-02-17 Yoichi Aoki , Keito Kudo , Tatsuki Kuribayashi , Ana Brassard , Masashi Yoshikawa , Keisuke Sakaguchi , Kentaro Inui

Self-rationalization models that predict task labels and generate free-text elaborations for their predictions could enable more intuitive interaction with NLP systems. These models are, however, currently trained with a large amount of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-27 Ana Marasović , Iz Beltagy , Doug Downey , Matthew E. Peters

Chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting with large language models has proven effective in numerous natural language processing tasks, but designing prompts that generalize well to diverse problem types can be challenging, especially in the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-12 Zhanming Jie , Wei Lu

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit strong generative capabilities and have shown great potential in code generation. Existing chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting methods enhance model reasoning by eliciting intermediate steps, but suffer…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Shen Li , Li Huang , Shaoxiong Zhan , Weifeng Sun , Tao Yin , Zhongxin Liu , Meng Yan

Question-driven summarization has been recently studied as an effective approach to summarizing the source document to produce concise but informative answers for non-factoid questions. In this work, we propose a novel question-driven…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-09 Yang Deng , Wenxuan Zhang , Wai Lam

Multimodal Multi-hop question answering requires integrating information from diverse sources, such as images and texts, to derive answers. Existing methods typically rely on sequential retrieval and reasoning, where each step builds on the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Yiheng Hu , Xiaoyang Wang , Qing Liu , Xiwei Xu , Qian Fu , Wenjie Zhang , Liming Zhu

Chain-of-thought prompting (e.g., "Let's think step-by-step") primes large language models to verbalize rationalization for their predictions. While chain-of-thought can lead to dramatic performance gains, benefits appear to emerge only for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Liunian Harold Li , Jack Hessel , Youngjae Yu , Xiang Ren , Kai-Wei Chang , Yejin Choi

Mathematical reasoning is regarded as a necessary ability for Language Models (LMs). Recent works demonstrate large LMs' impressive performance in solving math problems. The success is attributed to their Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-08 Tianduo Wang , Wei Lu

Large language models often solve complex reasoning tasks more effectively with Chain-of-Thought (CoT), but at the cost of long, low-bandwidth token sequences. Humans, by contrast, often reason softly by maintaining a distribution over…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Yao Tang , Li Dong , Yaru Hao , Qingxiu Dong , Furu Wei , Jiatao Gu

This paper proposes an iterative inference algorithm for multi-hop explanation regeneration, that retrieves relevant factual evidence in the form of text snippets, given a natural language question and its answer. Combining multiple sources…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-12-22 Ruben Cartuyvels , Graham Spinks , Marie-Francine Moens

This paper addresses the problem of generating questions from a given context and an answer, specifically focusing on questions that require multi-hop reasoning across an extended context. Previous studies have suggested that key phrase…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Zehua Xia , Qi Gou , Bowen Yu , Haiyang Yu , Fei Huang , Yongbin Li , Cam-Tu Nguyen

This paper proposes a group deliberation oriented multi-agent conversational model to address the limitations of single large language models in complex reasoning tasks. The model adopts a three-level role division architecture consisting…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Zheyu Shi , Dong Qiu , Shanlong Yu
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