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Multimodal reasoning is a challenging task that requires models to reason across multiple modalities to answer questions. Existing approaches have made progress by incorporating language and visual modalities into a two-stage reasoning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Cheng Tan , Jingxuan Wei , Zhangyang Gao , Linzhuang Sun , Siyuan Li , Ruifeng Guo , Bihui Yu , Stan Z. Li

Multi-hop question answering (MHQA) requires a model to retrieve and integrate information from multiple passages to answer a complex question. Recent systems leverage the power of large language models and integrate evidence retrieval with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Zhenyu Bi , Daniel Hajialigol , Zhongkai Sun , Jie Hao , Xuan Wang

Despite readily memorizing world knowledge about entities, pre-trained language models (LMs) struggle to compose together two or more facts to perform multi-hop reasoning in question-answering tasks. In this work, we propose techniques that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-08 Kanishka Misra , Cicero Nogueira dos Santos , Siamak Shakeri

Large language model pipelines have improved automated fact-checking for complex claims, yet many approaches rely on few-shot in-context learning with demonstrations that require substantial human effort and domain expertise. Among these,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Qisheng Hu , Quanyu Long , Wenya Wang

Large language models (LLMs) with billions of parameters exhibit in-context learning abilities, enabling few-shot learning on tasks that the model was not specifically trained for. Traditional models achieve breakthrough performance on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Aske Plaat , Annie Wong , Suzan Verberne , Joost Broekens , Niki van Stein , Thomas Back

Multi-step reasoning instruction, such as chain-of-thought prompting, is widely adopted to explore better language models (LMs) performance. We report on the systematic strategy that LMs employ in such a multi-step reasoning process. Our…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Yoichi Aoki , Keito Kudo , Tatsuki Kuribayashi , Shusaku Sone , Masaya Taniguchi , Keisuke Sakaguchi , Kentaro Inui

Understanding the contents of multimodal documents is essential to accurately extract relevant evidence and use it for reasoning. Existing document understanding models tend to generate answers with a single word or phrase directly,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-08-15 Jinxu Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) have recently been shown to deliver impressive performance in various NLP tasks. To tackle multi-step reasoning tasks, few-shot chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting includes a few manually crafted step-by-step…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Lei Wang , Wanyu Xu , Yihuai Lan , Zhiqiang Hu , Yunshi Lan , Roy Ka-Wei Lee , Ee-Peng Lim

Chain of thought prompting successfully improves the reasoning capabilities of large language models, achieving state of the art results on a range of datasets. However, these reasoning capabilities only appear to emerge in models with a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Lucie Charlotte Magister , Jonathan Mallinson , Jakub Adamek , Eric Malmi , Aliaksei Severyn

Recent progress in retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has led to more accurate and interpretable multi-hop question answering (QA). Yet, challenges persist in integrating iterative reasoning steps with external knowledge retrieval. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Tengjun Ni , Xin Yuan , Shenghong Li , Kai Wu , Ren Ping Liu , Wei Ni , Wenjie Zhang

Self-rationalizing models that also generate a free-text explanation for their predicted labels are an important tool to build trustworthy AI applications. Since generating explanations for annotated labels is a laborious and costly pro…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Aditya Srikanth Veerubhotla , Lahari Poddar , Jun Yin , György Szarvas , Sharanya Eswaran

Recent reasoning models through test-time scaling have demonstrated that long chain-of-thoughts can unlock substantial performance boosts in hard reasoning tasks such as math and code. However, the benefit of such long thoughts for system-2…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Yuan-Hong Liao , Sven Elflein , Liu He , Laura Leal-Taixé , Yejin Choi , Sanja Fidler , David Acuna

Large Language Models (LLMs), despite achieving state-of-the-art results in a number of evaluation tasks, struggle to maintain their performance when logical reasoning is strictly required to correctly infer a prediction. In this work, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Kaveh Eskandari Miandoab , Vasanth Sarathy

Multi-hop reading comprehension (RC) questions are challenging because they require reading and reasoning over multiple paragraphs. We argue that it can be difficult to construct large multi-hop RC datasets. For example, even highly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-10 Sewon Min , Eric Wallace , Sameer Singh , Matt Gardner , Hannaneh Hajishirzi , Luke Zettlemoyer

Chain-of-Thought reasoning significantly improves the performance of large language models on complex tasks, but incurs high inference latency due to long generation traces. Step-level speculative reasoning aims to mitigate this cost, yet…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Siran Liu , Cyril Y. He

Recent years have witnessed impressive advances in challenging multi-hop QA tasks. However, these QA models may fail when faced with some disturbance in the input text and their interpretability for conducting multi-hop reasoning remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-20 Jiayu Ding , Siyuan Wang , Qin Chen , Zhongyu Wei

Multi-hop reasoning approaches over knowledge graphs infer a missing relationship between entities with a multi-hop rule, which corresponds to a chain of relationships. We extend existing works to consider a generalized form of multi-hop…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-06 Lu Zhang , Mo Yu , Tian Gao , Yue Yu

We train a language model (LM) to robustly answer multistep questions by generating and answering sub-questions. We propose Chain-of-Questions, a framework that trains a model to generate sub-questions and sub-answers one at a time by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Wang Zhu , Jesse Thomason , Robin Jia

Multi-relation Question Answering is a challenging task, due to the requirement of elaborated analysis on questions and reasoning over multiple fact triples in knowledge base. In this paper, we present a novel model called Interpretable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-06-04 Mantong Zhou , Minlie Huang , Xiaoyan Zhu

Despite the rapid progress in multihop question-answering (QA), models still have trouble explaining why an answer is correct, with limited explanation training data available to learn from. To address this, we introduce three explanation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-08 Harsh Jhamtani , Peter Clark