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This paper introduces the concept of distorted monoidal categories, a generalization of monoidal and braided monoidal categories that supports non-reversible and direction-sensitive tensor structures. Unlike the classical setting, where the…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2025-11-25 Joaquim Reizi Higuchi

In this paper, using 1+1D models as examples, we study symmetries and anomalous symmetries via multi-component partition functions obtained through symmetry twists, and their transformations under the mapping class group of spacetime. This…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2022-03-10 Wenjie Ji , Xiao-Gang Wen

Symmetry groups allow to transform solutions of differential equations continuously into other solutions. This property can be used for the observability analysis of infinite-dimensional systems with input and output. In this contribution,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-05-28 Bernd Kolar , Markus Schöberl

What does it mean for a boundary condition to be symmetric with respect to a non-invertible global symmetry? We discuss two possible definitions in 1+1d. On the one hand, we call a boundary weakly symmetric if the symmetry defects can…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-12-08 Yichul Choi , Brandon C. Rayhaun , Yaman Sanghavi , Shu-Heng Shao

In recent years, the traditional notion of symmetry in quantum theory was expanded to so-called generalised or categorical symmetries, which, unlike ordinary group symmetries, may be non-invertible. This appears to be at odds with Wigner's…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-18 Thomas Bartsch , Yuhan Gai , Sakura Schafer-Nameki

We study duality defects in 2+1d theories with $\bZ^{(0)}_N\times\bZ^{(1)}_N$ global symmetry and trivial mixed 't Hooft anomaly. By gauging these symmetries simultaneously in half of the spacetime, we define duality defects for theories…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-12-02 Wei Cui , Babak Haghighat , Lorenzo Ruggeri

We characterize discrete (anti-)unitary symmetries and their non-invertible generalizations in $2+1$d topological quantum field theories (TQFTs) through their actions on line operators and fusion spaces. We explain all possible sources of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-09-28 Matthew Buican , Rajath Radhakrishnan

In this paper we outline the application of decomposition to condensation defects and their fusion rules. Briefly, a condensation defect is obtained by gauging a higher-form symmetry along a submanifold, and so there is a natural interplay…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-11-09 Ling Lin , Daniel G. Robbins , Eric Sharpe

We present practical and formal methods for gauging non-invertible symmetries in (2+1)d topological quantum field theories. Along the way, we generalize various aspects of invertible 0-form gauging, including symmetry fractionalization,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-07-03 Mahesh K. N. Balasubramanian , Matthew Buican , Clement Delcamp , Rajath Radhakrishnan

We study in general spacetime dimension the symmetry of the theory obtained by gauging a non-anomalous finite normal Abelian subgroup $A$ of a $\Gamma$-symmetric theory. Depending on how anomalous $\Gamma$ is, we find that the symmetry of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-02-05 Yuji Tachikawa

The concepts of symmetry and its breakdown are investigated in two different terms according to whether the resulting asymmetry is universal or only obtained for a special configuration: we shall illustrate this by considering in the first…

General Physics · Physics 2022-03-23 Luca Fabbri

Mixed anomalies, higher form symmetries, two-group symmetries and non-invertible symmetries have proved to be useful in providing non-trivial constraints on the dynamics of quantum field theories. We study mixed anomalies involving discrete…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-02-08 Noppadol Mekareeya , Matteo Sacchi

We develop a ready-to-use comprehensive theory for (super) 2-vector bundles over smooth manifolds. It is based on the bicategory of (super) algebras, bimodules, and intertwiners as a model for 2-vector spaces. We discuss symmetric monoidal…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2022-09-12 Peter Kristel , Matthias Ludewig , Konrad Waldorf

We investigate the interactions of discrete zero-form and one-form global symmetries in (1+1)d theories. Focus is put on the interactions that the symmetries can have on each other, which in this low dimension result in 2-group symmetries…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-09-01 Matthew Yu

We study ordinary, zero-form symmetry $G$ and its anomalies in a system with a one-form symmetry $\Gamma$. In a theory with one-form symmetry, the action of $G$ on charged line operators is not completely determined, and additional data, a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-08-30 Diego Delmastro , Jaume Gomis , Po-Shen Hsin , Zohar Komargodski

The behaviour of limits of weak morphisms in 2-dimensional universal algebra is not 2-categorical in that, to fully express the behaviour that occurs, one needs to be able to quantify over strict morphisms amongst the weaker kinds.…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2022-01-31 John Bourke

We use the language of categorical condensation to give a procedure for gauging nonabelian anyons, which are the manifestations of categorical symmetries in three spacetime dimensions. We also describe how the condensation procedure can be…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-04-11 Matthew Yu

We use the language of von Neumann subfactors to investigate non-invertible symmetries in two dimensions. A fusion categorical symmetry $\mathcal{C}$, its module category $\mathcal{M}$, and a gauging labeled by an algebra object…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-12-17 Xingyang Yu , Hao Y. Zhang

Non-invertible symmetries have by now seen numerous constructions in higher dimensional Quantum Field Theories (QFT). In this paper we provide an in depth study of gauging 0-form symmetries in the presence of non-invertible symmetries. The…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-10-11 Lakshya Bhardwaj , Lea E. Bottini , Sakura Schafer-Nameki , Apoorv Tiwari

2-group symmetries are generalized symmetries that arise when 1-form and 0-form symmetries mix with each other. We uncover the existence of a class of 2-group symmetries in general 4d N=2 theories of Class S that can be constructed by…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-05-11 Lakshya Bhardwaj